Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2004
Case ReportsAnesthetic management of patients with severe peripheral ischemia due to calciphylaxis.
Calciphylaxis is a small-vessel disease associated with renal failure. Here, we report the management of a 43-yr-old man with calciphylaxis who received left lower leg amputation with prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) under monitoring by laser Doppler blood flowmetry in the left second and third fingers. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, fentanyl, and vecuronium and was maintained with oxygen, nitrous oxide, and sevoflurane. ⋯ Three weeks after the operation, we again anesthetized the patient. We maintained the blood flow with PGE(1) throughout anesthesia. Monitoring by laser Doppler blood flowmetry and PGE(1) 20 ng. kg(-1). min(-1) could be useful for patients with impaired peripheral circulation, as in calciphylaxis.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2004
Case ReportsSeizures after a Bier block with clonidine and lidocaine.
A 47-yr-old man with history of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 underwent an IV Bier block with a mixture of lidocaine and clonidine. The tourniquet was deflated after 60 min, and approximately 10 min later he presented with complex partial seizures. The possible mechanisms for this are discussed, and the effects of clonidine, lidocaine, and the mixture of both are reviewed, as are four additional published cases reporting seizures after the administration of clonidine.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2004
Case ReportsHepatitis after sevoflurane exposure in an infant suffering from primary hyperoxaluria type 1.
An 11-mo-old child with primary hyperoxaluria was scheduled for a nephroureteromia procedure. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane. Two days after the operation, a hepatomegaly was diagnosed, and a considerable increase in liver enzymes was observed. ⋯ In a subsequent operation 2 wk later, general anesthesia was performed (sevoflurane was avoided). After the second operation, no pathologic findings could be detected. Nothing in this patient's disease or the conduct of the anesthesia suggested a cause for the injury other than an idiosyncratic response to sevoflurane.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2004
Emergency tracheal intubation: complications associated with repeated laryngoscopic attempts.
Repeated conventional tracheal intubation attempts may contribute to patient morbidity. Critically-ill patients (n = 2833) suffering from cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, neurologic, or trauma-related deterioration were entered into an emergency intubation quality improvement database. ⋯ Although predictable, this analysis provides data that confirm the number of laryngoscopic attempts is associated with the incidence of airway and hemodynamic adverse events. These data support the recommendation of the ASA Task Force on the Management of the Difficult Airway to limit laryngoscopic attempts to three in lieu of the considerable patient injury that may occur.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2004
Increased cerebral tissue oxygen tension after extensive hemodilution with a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier.
Transfusion of anemic patients with hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) may improve cerebral oxygen delivery. Conversely, cerebral vasoconstriction, associated with HBOC transfusion, could limit optimal cerebral tissue oxygenation. We hypothesized that hemodilution with a HBOC would maintain cerebral tissue oxygenation, despite the occurrence of cerebral vasoconstriction. ⋯ Hemodilution with pentastarch caused a transient increase in MAP, no change in P(Br)o(2), and a sustained increase in rCBF (P < 0.05), whereas the hemoglobin concentration and oxygen content were significantly reduced. Hemodilution with hemoglobin raffimer augmented P(Br)o(2) and prevented the increase in rCBF observed after similar hemodilution with pentastarch. These data suggest that transfusion with hemoglobin raffimer may help to maintain cerebral oxygenation during severe anemia.