Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2006
EditorialInhibition of apoptotic protein p53 lowers the threshold of isoflurane-induced cardioprotection during early reperfusion in rabbits.
Exposure to isoflurane before and during early reperfusion protects against myocardial infarction by activating phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-mediated signaling. The apoptotic protein, p53, is regulated by PI3K, and inhibition of p53 protects against ischemic injury. We tested the hypothesis that p53 inhibition lowers the threshold of isoflurane-induced postconditioning in vivo. ⋯ The results indicate that inhibition of the apoptotic protein p53 lowers the threshold of isoflurane-induced cardioprotection during early reperfusion in vivo.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2006
Case ReportsThe effect of too much intravenous lidocaine on bispectral index.
Systemic local anesthetics have beneficial perioperative properties and have an anesthetic-sparing effect. To assess depth of anesthesia during lidocaine infusion, it would be important to know the effect of systemic local anesthetics on bispectral index (BIS). ⋯ We report an inadvertent overdose of i.v. lidocaine in a patient monitored with BIS. BIS decreased to 0 for approximately 15 min, indicating that lidocaine and sevoflurane interact to decrease BIS.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2006
The differential effects of nitrous oxide and xenon on extracellular dopamine levels in the rat nucleus accumbens: a microdialysis study.
Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAC) plays a crucial role in the action of various psychotropic and addictive drugs, such as antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of the glutamate. Although both nitrous oxide and xenon are N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, they differ in their potential for producing neuropsychological toxicity; therefore, we decided to examine their effects on both spontaneous and ketamine-induced extracellular dopamine levels in the NAC. A microdialysis probe was implanted into the NAC in each of 35 rats, which were randomly assigned to one of six groups: exposure to 40% O2, exposure to 60% nitrous oxide (0.27 MAC), exposure to 43% xenon (0.27 MAC) for 60 min, and three groups exposed to either 40% O2, 60% nitrous oxide, or 43% xenon for 70 min and 80 mg/kg ketamine was given i.p. 10 min after the initiation of gas exposure. ⋯ Nitrous oxide, but not xenon, significantly increased the dopamine level. Ketamine significantly increased the dopamine level, and this was significantly inhibited by xenon, but not by nitrous oxide. These data suggest that the difference in neuropsychological activity between nitrous oxide and xenon is partly due to their differential effects on the mesolimbic dopamine system.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2006
Letter Case ReportsNeonatal airway management in occipital encephalocele.