Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Sep 2007
Noble gases without anesthetic properties protect myocardium against infarction by activating prosurvival signaling kinases and inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition in vivo.
The anesthetic noble gas, xenon, produces cardioprotection. We hypothesized that other noble gases without anesthetic properties [helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar)] also produce cardioprotection, and further hypothesized that this beneficial effect is mediated by activation of prosurvival signaling kinases [including phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and 70-kDa ribosomal protein s6 kinase] and inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening in vivo. ⋯ The results indicate that noble gases without anesthetic properties produce cardioprotection by activating prosurvival signaling kinases and inhibiting mPTP opening in rabbits.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Sep 2007
Predictors of hyperkalemia in the prereperfusion, early postreperfusion, and late postreperfusion periods during adult liver transplantation.
Hyperkalemia poses serious hazards to patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), and its predictors have not been thoroughly examined. ⋯ Several laboratory, intraoperative, and donor variables were identified as independent predictors of hyperkalemia in the different periods. Such information may be used for more targeted preemptive interventions in patients who are at risk of developing hyperkalemia during adult OLT.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Sep 2007
Comparative StudyDeep sedation with dexmedetomidine in a porcine model does not compromise the viability of free microvascular flap as depicted by microdialysis and tissue oxygen tension.
Deep sedation is often necessary after major reconstructive plastic surgery in the face and neck regions to prevent sudden spontaneous movements capable of inflicting mechanical injury to the transplanted musculocutaneous flap(s). An adequate positioning may help to optimize oxygenation and perfusion of the transplanted tissues. We hypothesized that dexmedetomidine, a central alpha2-agonist and otherwise potentially ideal postoperative sedative drug, may induce vasoconstriction in denervated flaps, and thus increase the risk of tissue deterioration. ⋯ Our data suggest that dexmedetomidine, even if used for deep sedation, does not have deleterious effects on local perfusion or tissue metabolism in denervated musculocutaneous flaps.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Sep 2007
Landiolol, an ultra short-acting beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist, does not alter the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration of isoflurane in a swine model.
We previously reported that landiolol, an ultra-short-acting beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist, does not alter the electroencephalographic effect of isoflurane. Here, we investigated the influence of landiolol on the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) of isoflurane required to prevent movement in response to a noxious stimulus in 50% of subjects. ⋯ Landiolol does not alter the antinociceptive effect of isoflurane. This result, combined with that from our previous work, also suggests that landiolol does not influence the anesthetic potency of inhaled anesthetics.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Sep 2007
Randomized Controlled TrialGastric emptying of water in obese pregnant women at term.
Healthy nonpregnant and pregnant patients may ingest clear liquids until 2 h before induction of anesthesia without adversely affecting gastric volume. In this study, we compared gastric emptying in obese, term, nonlaboring pregnant women (prepregnancy body mass index >35 kg/m2) after the ingestion of 50 and 300 mL of water. ⋯ Gastric emptying in obese, nonlaboring term pregnant women is not delayed after ingestion of 300 mL compared with 50 mL of water. Gastric antral volume after ingestion of 300 mL of water is similar to the baseline fasting level at 60 min.