Anesthesia and analgesia
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2008
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyLow volume and high concentration of local anesthetic is more efficacious than high volume and low concentration in Labat's sciatic nerve block: a prospective, randomized comparison.
Various factors markedly affect the onset time and success rate, of peripheral nerve blockade. This prospective, randomized, double-blind study, compared a dose of mepivacaine 300 mg, in a 20 or 30 mL injection volume for sciatic nerve blockade using Labat's posterior approach. ⋯ In Labat's sciatic nerve blockade, administering a low volume and a high concentration of local anesthetic (1.5% mepivacaine) is associated with a higher success rate and a shorter onset time than a high volume and a low concentration of solution (1% mepivacaine).
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialProphylactic dexamethasone decreases the incidence of sore throat and hoarseness after tracheal extubation with a double-lumen endobronchial tube.
Postoperative sore throat and hoarseness are common complications after tracheal intubation, particularly after using a double-lumen endobronchial tube (DLT). We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone for reducing the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness. ⋯ The prophylactic use of 0.2 mg/kg of dexamethasone significantly decreases the incidence and severity of sore throat and hoarseness 1 h and 24 h after tracheal extubation of a DLT.
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2008
ReviewAcupuncture for the management of chronic headache: a systematic review.
The objective of this review was to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture for treatment of chronic headache. ⋯ Needling acupuncture is superior to sham acupuncture and medication therapy in improving headache intensity, frequency, and response rate.
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2008
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyA comparison of dexmedetomidine-midazolam with propofol for maintenance of anesthesia in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging.
Dexmedetomidine is an alpha(2) agonist that is currently being investigated for its suitability to provide anesthesia for children. We compared the pharmacodynamic responses to dexmedetomidine-midazolam and propofol in children anesthetized with sevoflurane undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ⋯ Dexmedetomidine-midazolam provides adequate anesthesia for MRI although recovery is prolonged when compared with propofol. Heart rate was slower and systolic blood pressure was greater with dexmedetomidine when compared with propofol. Respiratory indices were similar for the two treatments.
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialThe analgesic efficacy and safety of a novel intranasal morphine formulation (morphine plus chitosan), immediate release oral morphine, intravenous morphine, and placebo in a postsurgical dental pain model.
Opioids are standard treatment for postoperative pain. In this study, we compared the safety and efficacy of intranasal (i.n.) morphine to i.v. and oral morphine and placebo. ⋯ I.n. morphine offers a noninvasive alternative to i.v. morphine for postoperative analgesia.