Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2009
The effect of inguinal compression, Valsalva maneuver, and reverse Trendelenburg position on the cross-sectional area of the femoral vein in children.
For facilitation of femoral venous cannulation, the larger cross-sectional area (CSA) of the vein is helpful and can be achieved by inguinal compression, Valsalva maneuver, or the reverse Trendelenburg position. In this study, we evaluated these methods using ultrasonography in children. ⋯ Inguinal compression effectively increases the CSA of the femoral vein and its effect is also prominent in the Trendelenburg position. Valsalva maneuver is more effective in small children. Gravitational position changes have little effect on the size of the femoral vein in children.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2009
Editorial CommentWhat is the airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow?
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2009
Phenylephrine ameliorates cerebral cytotoxic edema and reduces cerebral infarction volume in a rat model of complete unilateral carotid artery occlusion with severe hypotension.
Phenylephrine is a selective alpha(1) adrenergic receptor agonist that increases arterial blood pressure by peripheral vasoconstriction. However, whether phenylephrine improves the outcome of cerebral ischemia in patients with internal carotid artery disease during hemorrhagic shock is unclear. ⋯ Phenylephrine ameliorated cytotoxic edema and decreased the infarction volume in a rat model of complete unilateral carotid artery occlusion with severe hypotension. These findings suggest that phenylephrine transiently increased CBF without increasing the tonus of cerebral vasculature during hemorrhagic shock.