Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2011
Comparative StudyIntrathecal ultra-low dose naloxone enhances the antinociceptive effect of morphine by enhancing the reuptake of excitatory amino acids from the synaptic cleft in the spinal cord of partial sciatic nerve-transected rats.
In this study, we examined the effects of ultra-low dose naloxone on the antinociceptive effect of morphine and on spinal cord dorsal horn glutamate transporter expression in rats with neuropathic pain. ⋯ Ultra-low dose naloxone enhanced the antinociceptive effect of morphine in PST rats, possibly by restoration of GLAST and GLT-1 expression in astrocytes, which inhibited the accumulation of EAAs in the synapses, resulting in a neuroprotective effect.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2011
Comparative StudyForced-air warming does not worsen air quality in laminar flow operating rooms.
Warm air released by forced-air covers could theoretically disturb laminar airflow in operating rooms. We thus tested the hypothesis that laminar flow performance remains well within rigorous and objective standards during forced-air warming. ⋯ Our results, based on quantitative performance testing methods, indicate that forced-air warming does not reduce operating room air quality during laminar flow ventilation. Because there is no decrement in laminar flow performance, forced-air warming remains an appropriate intraoperative warming method when laminar flow is used.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2011
Comparative StudyInhibition of KCC2 in mouse spinal cord neurons leads to hypersensitivity to thermal stimulation.
KCC2, a neuronal-specific K-Cl cotransporter, is involved in pain perception physiology through its effects on postsynaptic inhibition in spinal cord neurons. We injected a newly identified, highly potent and selective inhibitor of KCC2 (D4), an inactive structural variant (D4.14), and the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) inhibitor, bumetanide, into the intrathecal space of mice to measure their effect on heat-evoked nociceptive responses. ⋯ Inhibition of KCC2 by D4 led to decreased heat-evoked withdrawal latency in mice, as measured by hotplate and tail flick assays, whereas inhibition of NKCC1 by bumetanide resulted in increased response latencies to heat stimuli as measured by both of these nociceptive tests.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2011
Comparative StudyMolecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of clonidine on vascular adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels.
We investigated the effects of the imidazoline-derived α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine on vascular adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel activity in rat vascular smooth muscle cells and recombinant vascular K(ATP) channels transiently expressed in COS-7 cells. ⋯ Clinically relevant concentrations of clonidine inhibit K(ATP) channel activity in vascular smooth muscle cells. This inhibition seems to be the result of its effect on the Kir6.0 subunit and not on the SUR subunit.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2011
Comparative StudyAutomatic computerized endotracheal tube position verification: an animal model evaluation.
Improper endotracheal tube positioning carries a high risk for morbidity and mortality; verification and confirmation of correct placement is necessary. We propose a computer-automated identification of endotracheal tube positioning using image analysis. The end product will not retain a monitor; rather, the acquired image will be automatically analyzed by a mini electronic processor. ⋯ A potential tube position verification system was assessed. High accuracy of the analysis algorithm was shown using nonperfused biological tissue, justifying further research.