Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Feb 2012
A heat map of superior cervical ganglion location relative to the common carotid artery bifurcation.
Determining the superior cervical ganglion's precise anatomical location for local anesthetic block, when stellate block is not feasible or is contraindicated, is difficult. ⋯ This study determined that the common carotid artery bifurcation is a good landmark for localizing the superior cervical ganglion for anesthetic block.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Feb 2012
The effects of colloid solutions on renal proximal tubular cells in vitro.
Renal failure is a common complication of critically ill patients. Colloids such as hydroxyethyl starch (HES), gelatin, or albumin are regularly used for intravascular volume resuscitation, but there are increasing reports about the nephrotoxic side effects of synthetic colloids in septic patients. Therefore, we investigated the influence of colloids (HES130/0.4 (Voluven®), gelatin (Gelafundin®), human albumin, and the crystalloid Sterofundin® ISO on cell viability of human proximal tubular (HK-2) cells. ⋯ Interestingly, in lower concentrations, human albumin and the crystalloid solution Sterofundin ISO were cytoprotective in comparison with the NaCl control. In conclusion, synthetic and natural colloids showed a harmful impact on HK-2 cells in higher concentrations without any prior proinflammatory stimulus. HES130/0.4 exhibited the most distinctive harmful impact, whereas the application of crystalloid Sterofundin ISO revealed cytoprotective effects.