Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jul 2012
The effects of gabapentin on acute opioid tolerance to remifentanil under sevoflurane anesthesia in rats.
Tolerance to remifentanil during sevoflurane anesthesia may blunt the ability of this drug to reduce anesthetic requirements. Gabapentin has been shown to be effective in reducing postoperative narcotic usage, a reduction that may be associated with a reduction in opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia. We sought to determine whether gabapentin might prevent the observed acute opioid tolerance (AOT) produced by remifentanil in sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). ⋯ Gabapentin reduced the sevoflurane MAC and enhanced the MAC reduction produced by remifentanil. This enhancement may limit AOT in rats.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jul 2012
Biophysical and pharmacological properties of glucagon-like peptide-1 in rats under isoflurane anesthesia.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) increases insulin secretion and has an important role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated the biophysical and pharmacological properties of GLP-1 by performing in vivo and in vitro experiments to determine the applicability of GLP-1 in glycemic control in rats under isoflurane anesthesia. ⋯ GLP-1 secretion is impaired during isoflurane anesthesia. However, our study showed that the insulinotropic action of GLP-1 was not affected by isoflurane. Furthermore, exposure to GLP-1 increased the membrane activity of pancreatic β-cells, preventing isoflurane-induced impairment of glucose-induced insulin secretion. These results support the hypothesis that GLP-1-based therapy may be a useful approach for achieving intraoperative glycemic control.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jul 2012
Dexmedetomidine prevents alterations of intestinal microcirculation that are induced by surgical stress and pain in a novel rat model.
Anesthesia can become inadequate inadvertently or by misjudgment during surgery or emergence, and the surgical stress and pain stimulation will increase without adequate treatment. Overt stimulation may activate the sympathetic nervous system, increase the blood level of catecholamines, and lead to splanchnic arterial vasoconstriction. ⋯ We established a promising rat model to investigate the effect of surgical stress and pain stimulation on the intestinal microcirculation during light anesthesia. Using this rat model, we found that dexmedetomidine can normalize global hemodynamics and prevent the alteration of intestinal microcirculation.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jul 2012
Letter Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyThe Parker Flex-Tip® tube prevents subglottic impingement on the tracheal wall during nasotracheal intubation.