Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2012
Trends in in-hospital major morbidity and mortality after total joint arthroplasty: United States 1998-2008.
The use of total joint arthroplasties is increasing worldwide. In this work we aim to elucidate recent trends in demographics and perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing total hip (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). ⋯ Between 1998 and 2008, trends show increases in several major in-hospital complications after THA and TKA, including pulmonary embolism, sepsis, nonmyocardial infarction cardiac complications, and pneumonia. Despite the increase in complications, declining in-hospital mortality was noted over this period.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial WebcastsA placebo- and midazolam-controlled phase I single ascending-dose study evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of remimazolam (CNS 7056): Part I. Safety, efficacy, and basic pharmacokinetics.
A new benzodiazepine, remimazolam, metabolized by tissue esterases to an inactive compound, CNS 7054, has been developed to permit a fast onset, a short and more predictable duration of sedative action, and a more rapid recovery profile than with currently available benzodiazepines. We report on the safety and efficacy of the first human study. ⋯ Remimazolam provided sedation with rapid onset and offset, and was well tolerated. There was no supplemental oxygen or ventilation required. On the basis of these data, further studies on the potential utility of remimazolam for sedation/anesthesia are warranted.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2012
Lack of value of scheduling processes to move cases from a heavily used main campus to other facilities within a health care system.
Economically, the most important anesthesia group and operating room (OR) management decision is the choice made months before surgery of the allocated OR time (duration of the workday) for each service. Consider a health system with surgeons who practice at multiple hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers. The main campus' ORs are busy, with nearly 8 h of cases, including turnovers, per anesthetizing location per workday. The other (regional) facilities have substantial underutilized time. A surgeon wants to do one 3-hour case at the main campus and have an afternoon start. The anesthesia group's OR director could use the health systems' common OR information system to examine the surgeons' schedules at all facilities. In this study, we quantify the percentage of OR hours that can practically be off-loaded from a main campus with long duration workdays. ⋯ For many health systems, investing in the software and personnel to coordinate case scheduling among facilities is unlikely to be of benefit, either operationally or financially.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2012
The frequency and magnitude of cerebrospinal fluid pulsations influence intrathecal drug distribution: key factors for interpatient variability.
Intrathecal drug delivery is an efficient method to administer therapeutic molecules to the central nervous system. However, even with identical drug dosage and administration mode, the extent of drug distribution in vivo is highly variable and difficult to control. Different cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pulsatility from patient to patient may lead to different drug distribution. Medical image-based computational fluid dynamics (miCFD) is used to construct a patient-specific model to quantify drug transport as a function of a spectrum of physiological CSF pulsations. ⋯ Our computations identify key variables for patient to patient variability in drug distribution in the spine observed clinically. The speed of drug transport is strongly affected by the frequency and magnitude of CSF pulsations. Toxicity risks associated with an injection can be reduced for a particular patient by adjusting the infusion variables with our rigorous miCFD model.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2012
Intrathecal clonidine in the neonatal rat: dose-dependent analgesia and evaluation of spinal apoptosis and toxicity.
Neuraxial clonidine is used for perioperative analgesia in children of all ages. Preclinical studies in the postnatal rat allow comparison of the relative toxicity and safety of spinal analgesics throughout postnatal development. ⋯ Intrathecal clonidine in the postnatal rat did not produce signs of spinal cord toxicity, even at doses much larger than required for analgesia. The therapeutic ratio (maximum tolerated dose/antihyperalgesic dose) was >300 at P3, >30 at P7, and >10 at P21. These data provide additional information to inform the clinical choice of spinal analgesic drug in early life.