Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialPreoperative carbohydrate loading in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass or spinal surgery.
Surgical stress creates a state of insulin resistance which may contribute to the development of hyperglycemia and, subsequently, postoperative complications. Consumption of an oral carbohydrate supplement before surgery may improve insulin sensitivity and reduce hyperglycemia. In this trial, we investigated the effects of carbohydrate supplementation on insulin resistance in coronary artery bypass graft and spinal decompression and fusion surgical patients. ⋯ Preoperative carbohydrate loading did not improve postoperative insulin sensitivity. However, the observed postoperative blood glucose levels and β-cell function as well as secondary outcomes warrant further study to reevaluate traditional fasting practices in surgical patients.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2013
Comparative StudyAn ipsilateral comparison of acceleromyography and electromyography during recovery from nondepolarizing neuromuscular block under general anesthesia in humans.
Residual neuromuscular block is defined as a mechanomyography (MMG) or electromyography (EMG) train-of-four (TOF) ratio <0.90, and is common in patients receiving neuromuscular blocking drugs. Objective neuromuscular monitoring is the only reliable way to detect and exclude residual neuromuscular block. Acceleromyography (AMG) is commercially available and easy to use in the clinical setting. However, AMG is not interchangeable with MMG or EMG. Currently, it is unclear what value must be reached by AMG TOF ratio to reliably exclude residual neuromuscular block. ⋯ AMG is less precise than EMG and overestimates EMG TOF ratio by at least 0.15. The lack of agreement cannot be attributed to instrumental imprecision or the baseline difference between successive measurements during spontaneous recovery of neuromuscular function. Residual neuromuscular block cannot be excluded on reaching an AMG TOF ratio of 1.00.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2013
Review Meta AnalysisReevaluation of the effectiveness of ramosetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ramosetron has been shown to have a very strong effect for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in previous meta-analyses. However, these previous meta-analyses included a number of studies by Fujii et al. which have now been proven to have been fabricated. In the present meta-analysis, we reevaluated the effectiveness of ramosetron in preventing PONV after excluding Fujii et al.'s randomized controlled trials. ⋯ Ramosetron has a significant effect for preventing PONV compared with a placebo, but less than that reported in previous analyses. Ramosetron also has statistically significant differences in preventing early and late POV compared with ondansetron, but the clinical significance may be questioned because the NNTs are large.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2013
Comparative StudyThe Influence of Laboratory Coagulation Tests and Clotting Factor Levels on Rotation Thromboelastometry (ROTEM(R)) During Major Surgery with Hemorrhage.
The aim of this study was to determine the association between standard laboratory tests, coagulation factor concentrations, and Rotation Thromboelastometry (ROTEM® delta, TEM® International GmbH, Munich, Germany) in patients undergoing major surgery with hemorrhage. ⋯ The results confirm the clinical assumption that EXTEM, INTEM, and APTEM are associated with fibrinogen and platelets levels; INTEM-CT significantly to aPTT; and FIBTEM significantly to fibrinogen. Factor VIII showed a significant correlation with all ROTEM parameters except CT of EXTEM, INTEM, FIBTEM, and CFT and MCF of APTEM.