Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2016
Inhibition of Mitochondrial Fission Protein Reduced Mechanical Allodynia and Suppressed Spinal Mitochondrial Superoxide Induced by Perineural Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp120 in Rats.
Mitochondria play an important role in many cellular and physiologic functions. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, and their fusion and fission regulate cellular signaling, development, and mitochondrial homeostasis. The most common complaint of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-sensory neuropathy is pain on the soles in patients with HIV, but the exact molecular mechanisms of HIV neuropathic pain are not clear. In the present study, we investigated the role of mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1, a GTPase that mediates mitochondrial fission) in the perineural HIV coat glycoprotein gp120-induced neuropathic pain state. ⋯ These data suggest that mitochondrial division plays a substantial role in the HIV gp120-related neuropathic pain state through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and provides evidence for a novel approach to treating chronic pain in patients with HIV.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2016
Distribution of Injectate and Sensory-Motor Blockade After Adductor Canal Block.
The analgesic efficacy reported for the adductor canal block may be related to the spread of local anesthetic outside the adductor canal. ⋯ The spread of injectate to the popliteal fossa may contribute to the analgesic efficacy of adductor canal block.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2016
The Contribution of Pin End-Cup Interactions to Clot Strength Assessed with Thrombelastography.
Viscoelastic methods have been developed to assess the contribution of plasma proteins and platelets to coagulation in vitro to guide clinical transfusion therapy. One of the cardinal precepts of determining clot strength is making sure that the viscoelastic technique includes complete exposure of the plastic pin in the testing chamber with the fluid analyzed so as to assure maximal interaction of the cup wall with the pin surface. However, the various contributions of the pin surface area to final clot strength have not been investigated. ⋯ After determining the minimal amount of plasma required to cover a pin tip in a thrombelastographic system (30 μL), clot strength (elastic modulus, G) was determined in plasma samples of 30 or 360 μL final volume (n = 12 per condition) after tissue factor activation. The G value with 30 μL volume was 1057 ± 601 dynes/cm (mean ± SD; 95% confidence interval, 675-1439 dynes/cm), which was (P = 0.0015) smaller than the G value associated with 360-μL sample volumes, that was 1712 ± 48 dynes/cm (confidence interval, 1681-1742 dynes/cm). In conclusion, these data demonstrate that clot strength is not determined by a simple ratio of surface area of pin and cup to volume of sample, but rather strength is importantly influenced by the viscoelastic resistance of the fluid assessed.