Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Feb 2017
A Novel Approach for the Control of Inflammatory Pain: Prostaglandin E2 Complexation by Randomly Methylated β-Cyclodextrins.
Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, which block the formation of prostaglandin (PG) E2, are the standard treatment of inflammatory pain. These drugs, however, have serious gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular side effects that limit their clinical use. Cyclodextrins are neutral glucose oligomers that form a hydrophilic outer and a hydrophobic interior cavity used to carry hydrophilic substances. Methyl-β-cyclodextrins are used currently in several drugs as enhancers and also to deliver PGs. We therefore hypothesized that randomly methylated β-cyclodextrins (RAMEB) could be used for pain treatment. ⋯ Capture of PGs by cyclodextrins could be a novel and innovative tool for the treatment of inflammatory pain and bypassing some unwanted side effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Feb 2017
Mitochondrial DNA and TLR9 Signaling Is Not Involved in Mechanical Ventilation-Induced Inflammation.
Exogenous administration of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) causes inflammatory lung injury in a toll-like receptor (TLR) 9-dependent manner. We investigated whether mechanical ventilation results in endogenous release of mtDNA and whether TLR9 plays a role in the pulmonary inflammatory response induced by mechanical ventilation. Wild-type and TLR9/ C57bl/6 mice were ventilated with low (8 mL/kg) and high (32 mL/kg) tidal volumes for 4 hours. ⋯ Cytokine and nuclear DNA, but not mtDNA, levels were increased after mechanical ventilation with both tidal volumes. Cytokine concentrations were similar between wild-type and TLR9/ mice. Mechanical ventilation does not result in the release of mtDNA, and TLR9 is not involved in mechanical ventilation-induced inflammation.