Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2017
Observational StudyIntraoperative Detection of Persistent Endoleak by Detecting Residual Spontaneous Echocardiographic Contrast in the Aneurysmal Sac During Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair.
Persistent endoleaks may lead to adverse events after endovascular aortic repair. We prospectively examined the relationship between intraoperative residual spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC) within the aneurysmal sac and the incidence of postoperative endoleaks in 60 patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Patients with SEC had a higher incidence of postoperative endoleaks than did patients without SEC within a few days postoperatively (60.0% vs 12.5%, respectively; P < .001) and at 6 months postoperatively (40.0% vs 2.5%, respectively; P < .001). Intraoperative confirmation of the absence of SEC may identify patients at low risk for persistent endoleaks after thoracic endovascular aortic repair.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2017
The New World Health Organization Recommendations on Perioperative Administration of Oxygen to Prevent Surgical Site Infections: A Dangerous Reductionist Approach?
In October 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) published recommendations for preventing surgical site infections (SSIs). Among those measures is a recommendation to administer oxygen at an inspired fraction of 80% intra- and postoperatively for up to 6 hours. SSIs have been identified as a global health problem, and the WHO should be commended for their efforts. ⋯ Use of such a strategy thus should be intensely discussed by anesthesiologists and perioperative physicians. Normovolemia, normotension, normoglycemia, normothermia, and normoventilation can clearly be safely applied to most patients in most clinical scenarios. But the liberal application of hyperoxemia intraoperatively and up to 6 hours postoperatively, as suggested by the WHO, is questionable from the viewpoint of anesthesia and perioperative medicine, and its effects will be discussed in this article.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2017
Isobolographic Analysis of Drug Combinations With Intrathecal BRL52537 (κ-Opioid Agonist), Pregabalin (Calcium Channel Modulator), AF 353 (P2X3 Receptor Antagonist), and A804598 (P2X7 Receptor Antagonist) in Neuropathic Rats.
Neuropathic pain should be treated with drug combinations exhibiting multiple analgesic mechanisms of action because the mechanism of neuropathic pain involves multiple physiological causes and is mediated by multiple pathways. In this study, we defined the pharmacological interaction of BRL52537 (κ-opioid agonist), pregabalin (calcium channel modulator), AF 353 (P2X3 receptor antagonist), and A804598 (P2X7 receptor antagonist). ⋯ These results demonstrated that intrathecal combination of BRL52537, pregabalin, AF 353, and A804598 synergistically or additively attenuated allodynia evoked by SNL, which suggests the possibility to improve the efficacy of single-drug administration.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2017
An Etomidate Analogue With Less Adrenocortical Suppression, Stable Hemodynamics, and Improved Behavioral Recovery in Rats.
ET-26 hydrochloride (ET-26HCl) is a novel etomidate analogue designed to alleviate the adrenocortical suppression caused by etomidate while retaining the rapid sedative-hypnotic onset and stable hemodynamic features of etomidate. This study compared the anesthetic effect, hemodynamic stability, and recovery profiles of ET-26HCl, etomidate, and the sedative-hypnotic drug propofol in rats. ⋯ ET-26HCl has anesthetic potency and hemodynamic stability similar to etomidate, but it caused less adrenocortical hormone synthesis suppression than etomidate and faster spatial orientation recovery from anesthesia than propofol, which was similar to etomidate.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2017
Electric Nerve Stimulation Does Not Correctly Predict Needle-Nerve Distance and Potential Local Anesthetic Spread for Interscalene Brachial Plexus Blockade.
This study evaluated electric nerve stimulation as a nerve location tool. After eliciting motor response in 43 patients undergoing shoulder surgery, the needle tip's position, distance from the closest nerve, and spread of saline were evaluated using ultrasound imaging. ⋯ In 21 patients, subsequent saline dissection did not reach the brachial plexus. Thus, the success rate of electric nerve stimulation for correct needle-nerve distance identification was 48.8%, with correct fluid spread reached in only 51.2% of patients.