Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2017
The New World Health Organization Recommendations on Perioperative Administration of Oxygen to Prevent Surgical Site Infections: A Dangerous Reductionist Approach?
In October 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) published recommendations for preventing surgical site infections (SSIs). Among those measures is a recommendation to administer oxygen at an inspired fraction of 80% intra- and postoperatively for up to 6 hours. SSIs have been identified as a global health problem, and the WHO should be commended for their efforts. ⋯ Use of such a strategy thus should be intensely discussed by anesthesiologists and perioperative physicians. Normovolemia, normotension, normoglycemia, normothermia, and normoventilation can clearly be safely applied to most patients in most clinical scenarios. But the liberal application of hyperoxemia intraoperatively and up to 6 hours postoperatively, as suggested by the WHO, is questionable from the viewpoint of anesthesia and perioperative medicine, and its effects will be discussed in this article.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2017
An Etomidate Analogue With Less Adrenocortical Suppression, Stable Hemodynamics, and Improved Behavioral Recovery in Rats.
ET-26 hydrochloride (ET-26HCl) is a novel etomidate analogue designed to alleviate the adrenocortical suppression caused by etomidate while retaining the rapid sedative-hypnotic onset and stable hemodynamic features of etomidate. This study compared the anesthetic effect, hemodynamic stability, and recovery profiles of ET-26HCl, etomidate, and the sedative-hypnotic drug propofol in rats. ⋯ ET-26HCl has anesthetic potency and hemodynamic stability similar to etomidate, but it caused less adrenocortical hormone synthesis suppression than etomidate and faster spatial orientation recovery from anesthesia than propofol, which was similar to etomidate.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2017
Electric Nerve Stimulation Does Not Correctly Predict Needle-Nerve Distance and Potential Local Anesthetic Spread for Interscalene Brachial Plexus Blockade.
This study evaluated electric nerve stimulation as a nerve location tool. After eliciting motor response in 43 patients undergoing shoulder surgery, the needle tip's position, distance from the closest nerve, and spread of saline were evaluated using ultrasound imaging. ⋯ In 21 patients, subsequent saline dissection did not reach the brachial plexus. Thus, the success rate of electric nerve stimulation for correct needle-nerve distance identification was 48.8%, with correct fluid spread reached in only 51.2% of patients.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2017
An Analysis of Substandard Propofol Detected in Use in Zambian Anesthesia.
In early 2015, clinicians throughout Zambia noted a range of unpredictable adverse events after the administration of propofol, including urticaria, bronchospasm, profound hypotension, and most predictably an inadequate depth of anesthesia. Suspecting that the propofol itself may have been substandard, samples were procured and sent for testing. ⋯ None of the analyzed vials contained the stated amount of propofol; however, our analysis did not detect additional contaminants that would explain the adverse events reported by clinicians. Our results confirm the presence of substandard propofol in Zambia; however, anecdotal accounts of substandard anesthetic medicines in other countries abound and warrant further investigation to provide estimates of the prevalence and scope of this global problem.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2017
Observational StudySafety of Large-Volume, Same-Day Oral Bowel Preparations During Deep Sedation: A Prospective Observational Study.
Colonoscopy quality is directly related to the bowel preparation. It is well established that bowel preparations are improved when at least part of the laxative is ingested on the day of the procedure. However, there is concern that this can result in higher gastric residual volumes (GRV) and increase the risk of pulmonary aspiration. The aim of this study is to evaluate GRV and gastric pH in patients who received day-before bowel preparation versus those ingesting their laxative on the day of colonoscopy under anesthesiologist-directed propofol deep sedation. ⋯ A large-volume bowel preparation regimen finished on the day of colonoscopy as close as 3 hours before the procedure results in no increase in GRV or decrease in gastric pH.