Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2022
Meta AnalysisThe Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Postanesthesia Care Unit Discharge and Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Current evidence on the effect of dexmedetomidine in early postoperative recovery is limited. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the length of stay (LOS) and recovery profile in postanesthesia care unit (PACU) patients. ⋯ The use of dexmedetomidine did not increase the duration of PACU LOS but was associated with reduced emergence agitation, cough, pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and shivering in PACU. There was an increased incidence of hypotension but not residual sedation or bradycardia in PACU.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2022
ReviewWilliam T. G. Morton's English Patent for Etherization: Patently Pointless?
Boston dentist William T. G. ⋯ The enrolled copies of the provisional and full patents, which are held in The National Archives, London, have not been previously documented in the anesthesia literature. We review the communications between Boston and London regarding the patent for etherization, the possibility that preliminary discussions and trials of etherization may have been conducted in London before the earliest known application of the discovery for a dental extraction on December 19, 1846, and the role of the American lawyer James Augustus Dorr, who was Morton's agent in the United Kingdom.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2022
ReviewThe Changing Face of Cystic Fibrosis: An Update for Anesthesiologists.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common fatal genetic disease in North America. While CF is more common among Whites, it is increasingly being recognized in other races and ethnicities. Although there is no cure, life expectancy has steadily improved, with the median survival exceeding 46 years in the United States. ⋯ CF is a multisystem disease that affects primarily the lungs, pancreas, hepatobiliary system, and reproductive organs. Anesthesiologists routinely encounter CF patients for various surgical and medical procedures, depending on the age group. This review article focuses on the changing epidemiology of CF, advances in the classification of CFTR mutations, the latest innovations in CFTR modulator therapies, the impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic, and perioperative considerations that anesthesiologists must know while caring for patients with CF.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2022
ReviewApplication of Nonhuman Primate Models in the Studies of Pediatric Anesthesia Neurotoxicity.
Numerous animal models have been used to study developmental neurotoxicity associated with short-term or prolonged exposure of common general anesthetics at clinically relevant concentrations. Pediatric anesthesia models using the nonhuman primate (NHP) may more accurately reflect the human condition because of their phylogenetic similarity to humans with regard to reproduction, development, neuroanatomy, and cognition. ⋯ In this review, we discuss how neonatal NHP animals have been used for modeling pediatric anesthetic exposure; how NHPs have addressed key data gaps and application of the NHP model for the studies of general anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity. The appropriate application and evaluation of the NHP model in the study of general anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity have played a key role in enhancing the understanding and awareness of the potential neurotoxicity associated with pediatric general anesthetics.