Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 1983
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffect of transcutaneous nerve stimulation on postoperative pain after thoracotomy.
A prospective randomized double-blind study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) in relief of acute post-thoracotomy pain by comparing postoperative narcotic requirements in 22 patients having TNS and in 22 patients having sham electrical stimulation. All patients in both groups had intrathoracic malignancies. When TNS was used, 22.7% of the patients required no narcotics in the first 24 hr postoperatively. All patients having sham stimulation required postoperative narcotics.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 1983
Comparative StudyTemperature gradients in cardiac surgical patients--a comparison of halothane and fentanyl.
Narcotics and potent inhalation anesthetics have different effects on thermoregulation and the distribution of body heat. This study was designed to compare the effect of halothane vs fentanyl anesthesia on temperature gradients developed during and after hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Twenty-two adult patients undergoing coronary artery surgery were given either fentanyl (100 micrograms/kg) or halothane (0.5-1.5%) and oxygen. ⋯ The times to cool and rewarm were comparable in both groups. Rectal, esophageal, and skin temperatures had not reached equilibrium by 60 min after bypass, but changes in temperature were virtually identical at all sites in both groups. Regardless of differences in the effects of halothane and fentanyl on hormonal responses, blood flow, or central thermoregulation, their net effects on body temperature were the same.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 1983
Comparison of neural blockade and pharmacokinetics after subarachnoid lidocaine in the rhesus monkey. II: Effects of volume, osmolality, and baricity.
The effects of volume, osmolality, and baricity on lidocaine spinal anesthesia in the rhesus monkey were studied. Changes in neural blockade, physical properties of cerebrospinal fluid, and arterial pharmacokinetics associated with variations in injectate composition were assessed. Wide ranges of volume, baricity, and osmolality were studied using 1, 2, and 5% lidocaine prepared in either sterile water or 7.5% dextrose. ⋯ No differences in elimination phase pharmacokinetics were found with any of the lidocaine solutions. Rates of systemic absorption increased with decreasing osmolality. Osmotic potentiation of lidocaine spinal anesthesia could not be demonstrated.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 1983
Intracranial and hemodynamic changes after succinylcholine administration in cats.
Bolus injections of succinylcholine (1.5 mg/kg) significantly increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in cats under normal conditions from control levels of 8 +/- 1 mm Hg to 16 +/- 3 mm Hg (+/- SEM, P less than 0.01), and in the presence of artificially increased ICP from control levels of 27 +/- 1 mm Hg to 47 +/- 4 mm Hg (P less than 0.01). These approximately 100% increases in ICP were accompanied by a transitory decrease in mean arterial pressure (approximately 10 sec), followed by a 15-20% increase (P less than 0.05). Pulmonary arterial pressure increased 20-30% (P less than 0.05). These results, when considered in conjunction with results previously obtained in humans, suggest that succinylcholine may be contraindicated in neurosurgical patients.