The Annals of thoracic surgery
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Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was reported to predict the response of immunotherapy; however, the association between PD-L1 expression and radiologic and pathologic features has yet to be elucidated. ⋯ Expression of PD-L1 was significantly associated with radiologic/pathologic invasive adenocarcinomas. This study provides the first evidence of the radiologic and pathologic invasiveness in resected pathologic stage I adenocarcinoma with PD-L1 expression.