Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Feb 2024
Case ReportsHughes-Stovin syndrome-An important differential diagnosis in patients with suspected chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension : A case report.
Hughes-Stovin syndrome (HSS) is a rare vasculitis of unknown etiology. The disease is characterized by pronounced inflammation and damage to the vessel walls, with subsequent widespread vascular thrombosis and the formation of pulmonary artery aneurysms that can lead to fatal hemoptysis. ⋯ This case highlights the challenges of diagnosing HSS at early stages of the disease. HSS should be considered in young patients with signs of large vessel vasculitis in combination with thrombotic occlusions of pulmonary arteries, with or without aneurysms of the pulmonary arteries, and particularly, if there are no risk factors for thromboembolic disease.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Feb 2024
[Consensus recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia from the Austrian Society for Nephrology 2024].
Hyponatremia is a disorder of water homeostasis. Water balance is maintained by the collaboration of renal function and cerebral structures, which regulate thirst mechanisms and secretion of the antidiuretic hormone. Measurement of serum-osmolality, urine osmolality and urine-sodium concentration help to diagnose the different reasons for hyponatremia. ⋯ Also, mild forms of hyponatremia should be treated causally, or at least symptomatically. An inadequate fast increase of the serum sodium level should be avoided, because it raises the risk of cerebral osmotic demyelination. Basic pathophysiological knowledge is necessary to identify the different reasons for hyponatremia which need different therapeutic procedures.