Indian pediatrics
-
Rituximab is a chimeric mouse-human monoclonal antibody against the CD 20 antigen on the surface of B lymphocytes. It binds to CD20 and causes B cell death by antibody dependant cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis. It leads to rapid and sustained depletion of B cells. ⋯ Nephrotic syndrome and opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome are among the emerging indications for rituximab. In solid organ transplantation, rituximab is useful in the prevention and treatment of acute and chronic rejection as well as in post transplantation lymphoproliferative disease. Toxicity includes acute infusion reactions, susceptibility to bacterial infections, and reactivation of viral infections.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of high-dose phenobarbital on oxidative stress in perinatal asphyxia: an open label randomized controlled trial.
To evaluate the effect of high dose phenobarbital on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in perinatal asphyxia. ⋯ Phenobarbital (40 mg/kg) given in the first two hours of life in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia led to a decrease in CSF levels of lipid peroxides and antioxidant enzymes at 12 ± 2 hours of life.
-
We report the case of a 7 year old girl, who sustained accidental injury following injection of pressurized air from a bicycle tyre air nozzle. She presented with generalized subcutaneous emphysema along with pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, pneumoretroperitoneum and pneumorra-chis. The child was recovered completely on conservative management.
-
NEED AND PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Hyperglycemia is prevalent among critically ill pediatric patients. Previously thought to be an adaptive response to stress, hyperglycemia is now recognized to be associated with an adverse outcome. Correction of such hyperglycemia with insulin infusion has been shown to improve outcome but carries risk of hypoglycemia. This review addresses these issues related to treatment of hyperglycemia. ⋯ Blood sugar monitoring and correction of hyperglycemia while caring for critically ill children is crucial. A modest blood glucose target of <150 mg/dL is appropriate. Providing adequate nutrition along with training of the nursing personnel would prevent any adverse effect such as hypoglycemia.
-
One thousand consecutive infants, 437 girls and 563 boys, attending their first DPT vaccination at a mean age of 48 days underwent ultrasonological screening of the hips by Graf's technique at the immunization clinic of a tertiary hospital in South India. Graf I (mature) hips were seen bilaterally in 925 children. ⋯ The incidence of sonographically abnormal hips (II, III and IV) in this population was 7.5%. The hip dislocation rate was 1 in 1000 (0.1%).