Gut
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The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased rapidly over the past 40 years and accumulating evidence suggests that obesity, as measured by body mass index (BMI), is a major risk factor. It remains unclear whether abdominal obesity is associated with EAC and gastric adenocarcinoma. ⋯ Overall obesity was associated with a higher risk of EAC and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, whereas abdominal obesity was found to be associated with increased EAC risk; even in people with normal BMI.
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Comparative Study
Regional colon transit in patients with dys-synergic defaecation or slow transit in patients with constipation.
To differentiate dys-synergic defaecation (DD) from normal function and slow transit constipation (STC). ⋯ DD is associated with delayed overall colonic transit at 48 h and AC t(1/2) compared with healthy controls. Regional scintigraphic transit profiles differentiate DD from STC and facilitate identification of a subgroup of patients with constipation.
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Comparative Study
Long-term risk of colorectal cancer after adenoma removal: a population-based cohort study.
Previous studies examining the incidence of colorectal cancer after polypectomy have provided discordant findings. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of colorectal cancer after adenoma removal in routine clinical practice with the risk in the general population. ⋯ In routine practice, the risk of colorectal cancer after adenoma removal remains high and depends both on initial adenoma features and on colonoscopy surveillance practices. Gastroenterologists should encourage patients to comply with long-term colonoscopic surveillance.
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It is difficult to predict the outcome in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) using existing prognostic models. This study investigated whether early changes in the levels of dynamic variables can predict outcome better than models based on static baseline variables. ⋯ The ALFED model accurately predicted outcome in patients with ALF, which may be useful in clinical decision-making.
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The small intestinal epithelium is highly sensitive to radiation and is a major site of injury during radiation therapy and environmental overexposure. ⋯ LGG or its CM reduce radiation-induced epithelial injury and improve crypt survival. A TLR-2/MyD88 signalling mechanism leading to repositioning of constitutive COX-2-expressing mesenchymal stem cells to the crypt base is invoked.