Annual review of medicine
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an important cause of death and serious morbidity, accounting for about 10% of all cases of stroke. In spite of recent advances in the surgical treatment of aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), the overall morbidity associated with SAH has changed little over the last several decades. A greater awareness by the medical community of the warning signs of SAH is essential in effectively reducing the morbidity associated with this illness. With modern surgical techniques, most aneurysms and many AVMs can be obliterated safely and effectively if detected early, before they result in a major SAH.
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Annual review of medicine · Jan 1983
ReviewProstaglandins, glucose homeostasis, and diabetes mellitus.
Prostaglandins of the E series are implicated as regulators of glucose homeostasis because of their effects on glucose production and secretion of insulin and glucagon. PGE is postulated to play a role in the pathophysiology of insulin secretion in adult-onset (Type II) diabetes mellitus. Evidence supporting this hypothesis includes the demonstration that PGE inhibits glucose-induced acute insulin responses in normal humans. Moreover, drugs that inhibit synthesis of PGE improve abnormal insulin secretion in human subjects with Type II diabetes mellitus.
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The near-drowning victim must be treated immediately for ventilatory insufficiency, hypoxia, and the resulting acidosis. The cause and pathophysiologic changes of pulmonary insufficiency vary, depending on the tpe and volume of fluid aspirated. Success or failure of the overall resuscitative effort frequently depends on the adequacy of prompt emergency resuscitation and on effective intensive pulmonary care. Each patient should be evaluated and treated individually, since abnormalities of multiple organ systems can occur, their degree and form varying considerably from patient to patient (28).