Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
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J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry · Sep 2007
Comparative StudyReinstatement of conditioned responses in human differential fear conditioning.
The present study aimed at investigating reinstatement of conditioned responding in human classical conditioning using a differential fear conditioning paradigm. Reinstatement is defined as the return of extinguished conditioned responses due to the experience of one or more unexpected USs. ⋯ In addition, and in line with previous findings, we found that the more negative the CS+ remained after extinction, the more return of conditioned responding was observed. Clinical implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.
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J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry · Sep 2003
Comparative StudyThe role of negative interpretations of grief reactions in emotional problems after bereavement.
This study explored the role of negative interpretations of grief reactions in emotional problems after bereavement, with 234 individuals who had been confronted with the death of a close relative. It was found that negative interpretations of grief reactions were highly associated with the degree to which these reactions were experienced as distressing, the degree to which mourners engaged in avoidance behaviours and the severity of symptoms of traumatic grief and depression, even when controlling for the frequency of grief reactions and the influence of relevant background variables. ⋯ Negative interpretations of grief reactions and rumination explained most variance in symptom severity, when controlling for the shared variance between the predictor variables. The results have implications for the treatment of emotional problems after bereavement.
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J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry · Dec 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialUse of a habit reversal treatment for temporomandibular pain in a minimal therapist contact format.
Previous research has suggested that a habit reversal treatment might be used effectively in a home-based minimal therapist contact (MTC) protocol to facilitate flexibility and increase treatment completion rates. Recent reviews of MTC interventions have found it to be generally efficacious, cost-effective, and generalizable. While MTC has been used for certain health-related disorders (e.g., headache), almost no research has evaluated the effectiveness of a MTC protocol with a population suffering from temporomandibular disorder (TMD). ⋯ Also, a significant reduction in maladaptive oral habits occurred from pre- to post-treatment and significant reductions in life stress and pain interference were observed. Results were maintained at follow-up. The implications for the use of MTC for treatment of facial pain are discussed, as are the implications of these findings for the role of oral habits in the etiology of TMD.
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J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry · Dec 2001
Perceived control over anxiety-related events as a predictor of pain behaviors in a cold pressor task.
The extent to which perceived control over anxiety-related events contributes to the experience of pain was investigated. It was hypothesized that perceived control over anxiety-related events would predict pain behaviors induced via a cold pressor task because perceived control may alter the meaning of a pain-inducing stimulus. Eighty undergraduate students completed the Anxiety Control Questionnaire. ⋯ Participants then immersed their dominant hand in ice water and rated pain intensity at their pain threshold and tolerance times. Results indicate that perceived control over anixiety-related events predicts pain tolerance and endurance (i.e., overt pain response) but not pain intensity. threshold, or heart rate. It appears that the psychological process variable of perceived control over anxiety-related events uniquely influences participants' ability to cope with the experience of pain by altering the perceived threat of the acute pain induced via a cold pressor task.
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J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry · Mar 1999
Evidence-based clinical practice, [corrected] evidence-based medicine and the Cochrane collaboration.
Encouraging professionals in training and later to consider practice-related research findings when making important clinical decisions is an on-going concern. Evidenced-Based Medicine (EBM) and the Cochrane Collaboration (CC) provide a source of tools and ideas for doing so, as well as a roster of colleagues who share this interest. Evidenced-based medicine involves integrating clinical expertise with the best available external evidence from systematic research as well as considering the values and expectations of patients/clients. ⋯ The Cochrane Collaboration is a world-wide network of centers that prepare, maintain, and disseminate high-quality systematic reviews on the efficacy of healthcare. These databases allow access to evidence related to clinical practice decisions. Forging reciprocal working relationships with those involved in EBM reciprocal and the CC should contribute to the pursuit of shared goals such as basing clinical decisions on the best-available evidence and involving clients as informed consumers.