Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2004
Case ReportsAcute ophthalmoparesis in the anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome: electrophysiological evidence of neuromuscular transmission defect in the orbicularis oculi.
To prospectively study anti-GQ1b antibody positive cases of acute ophthalmoparesis (AO) clinically and electrophysiologically. ⋯ This study demonstrated electrophysiologically the dynamic improvement of neuromuscular transmission of anti-GQ1b antibody positive cases of AO, in tandem with clinical recovery. SFEMG is of value in differentiating weakness due to neuromuscular transmission defect from neuropathy in these clinical situations.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2004
Coexistent blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm: overlapping pathophysiologic mechanism?
Blepharospasm (BEB) and hemifacial spasm (HFS) appear to be distinct disorders. Clinical characteristics of coexistent BEB and HFS have not been examined. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical, and imaging features of coexistent BEB among a cohort of HFS patients and controls. ⋯ BEB occurred more frequently in HFS patients, suggesting changes in the brainstem blink reflex circuitry could play a modulatory role in certain at-risk individuals resulting in the coexistence of these movement disorders.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2004
Ictal magnetoencephalographic study in a patient with ring 20 syndrome.
To report the ictal magnetoencephalography (MEG) in a patient with ring chromosome 20 mosaicism, a rare chromosomal anomaly associated with intractable epilepsy. ⋯ The source of the ictal MEG was localised in the medial frontal lobe. The findings suggest that the mechanism underlying epilepsy in this case might be similar to medial frontal lobe epilepsy. Ictal MEG is a valuable tool for detecting the site of seizure onset.
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Stroke is a heterogeneous syndrome caused by multiple disease mechanisms, but all result in a disruption of cerebral blood flow with subsequent tissue damage. This review covers the mechanisms responsible for regulation of the normal cerebral circulation, and how they are disrupted in disease states. A central concept in treating patients with acute ischaemic stroke is the existence of an ischaemic penumbra of potentially salvageable tissue, and the evidence for its existence in humans is reviewed.