Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2006
Neuropsychological characteristics of mild cognitive impairment subgroups.
To describe the neuropsychological characteristics of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subgroups identified in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) cognition study. ⋯ The most frequent form of MCI was the MCI-MCDT with memory deficits. However, the identification of memory impaired MCI groups did not reflect the true prevalence of MCI in a population, as 16% of all MCI cases and 21.5% of the MCI-MCDT cases did not have memory impairment. Study of idiopathic amnestic and non-amnestic forms of MCI is essential for an understanding of the aetiology of MCI.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2006
Critical thresholds of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure related to age in paediatric head injury.
The principal strategy for managing head injury is to reduce the frequency and severity of secondary brain insults from intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and hence improve outcome. Precise critical threshold levels have not been determined in head injured children. ⋯ The PTI is the first substantive paediatric index of total ICP and CPP following head injury. The insult thresholds generated are identical to age related physiological values. Management guidelines for paediatric head injuries should take account of these CPP thresholds to titrate appropriate pressor therapy.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2006
Case ReportsDyskinesias induced by subthalamotomy in Parkinson's disease are unresponsive to amantadine.
Dyskinesias are a transient but severe complication of subthalamotomy in some patients. ⋯ The present findings suggest that: (i) amantadine probably exerts its anti-dyskinetic effect by acting on the "indirect" pathway; (ii) the pathophysiological mechanisms of subthalamotomy induced dyskinesias may differ from those involved in L-dopa induced dyskinesias; (iii) dyskinesias induced by STN surgery resolve spontaneously as compensatory mechanisms develop.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2006
Malformation risks of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: a prospective study from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register.
To assess the relative risk of major congenital malformation (MCM) from in utero exposure to antiepileptic drug (AEDs). ⋯ Only 4.2% of live births to women with epilepsy had an MCM. The MCM rate for polytherapy exposure was greater than for monotherapy exposure. Polytherapy regimens containing valproate had significantly more MCMs than those not containing valproate. For monotherapy exposures, carbamazepine was associated with the lowest risk of MCM.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2006
Cognition in the days following concussion: comparison of symptomatic versus asymptomatic athletes.
Concussion is a common neurological injury occurring during contact sport. Current guidelines recommend that no athlete should return to play while symptomatic or displaying cognitive dysfunction. This study compared post-concussion cognitive function in recently concussed athletes who were symptomatic/asymptomatic at the time of assessment with that of non-injured (control) athletes. ⋯ Injured athletes experiencing symptoms of concussion displayed impaired motor function and attention, although their learning and memory were preserved. These athletes displayed no change in performance on paper and pencil tests in contrast with the improvement observed in asymptomatic and non-injured athletes. Athletes experiencing symptoms of concussion should be withheld from training and competition until both symptoms and cognitive dysfunction have resolved.