Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2015
Case ReportsStroke associated with giant cell arteritis: a population-based study.
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common vasculitis in people ≥50 years and can be associated with stroke. We aimed to evaluate the epidemiology and characteristics of stroke in patients with GCA. ⋯ This population-based study demonstrated that GCA-related stroke essentially affects the vertebrobasilar territory and mainly occurs in old men with associated vascular risk factors. Although rare, GCA symptoms must be searched for in elderly patients with stroke, and optimal vascular prevention must be conducted carefully in patients with GCA with a high vascular risk before initiating GCA treatment.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2015
Clinical TrialIntracranial pressure in hydrocephalus: impact of shunt adjustments and body positions.
The association between intracranial pressure (ICP) and different shunt valve opening pressures in relation to body positions is fundamental for understanding the physiological function of the shunt. ⋯ Changing from a supine to an upright position reduced ICP while AMP only increased at trend level. Lowering of the shunt valve opening pressure decreased ICP and AMP but the difference in mean ICP in vivo between the highest and lowest opening pressures was less than half that previously observed in vitro.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2015
Observational StudyIowa gambling task impairment in Parkinson's disease can be normalised by reduction of dopaminergic medication after subthalamic stimulation.
Impulse control disorders (ICD), including pathological gambling, are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and tend to improve after subthalamic (STN) stimulation after a marked reduction of dopaminergic medication. In order to investigate the effect of STN stimulation on impulsive decision making, we used the Iowa Gambling task (IGT). ⋯ Dopaminergic medication likely contributes to the impairment in decision making underlying ICDs. Deep brain stimulation allows drastic reduction of dopaminergic medication and, thus, concomitant remediation of medication-induced impairment in decision making.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2015
Temporal lobe epilepsy and affective disorders: the role of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex.
Reduced deactivation within the default mode network (DMN) is common in individuals with primary affective disorders relative to healthy volunteers (HVs). It is unknown whether similar network abnormalities are present in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients with a history of affective psychopathology. ⋯ Our results provide novel evidence suggesting that affective psychopathology in TLE has a neurobiological correlate, and in this context the sACC performs differently compared with network activity in primary affective disorders.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2015
Increased risk of impulse control symptoms in Parkinson's disease with REM sleep behaviour disorder.
To assess the frequency of symptoms of impulse control disorders (ICD, namely pathological gambling, compulsive sexual behaviour, compulsive eating and compulsive shopping) and related behaviours (hobbyism, punding, walkabout and dopamine dysregulation syndrome) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with and without probable rapid eye movement, sleep behaviour disorder (pRBD). ⋯ The present study indicates that RBD is associated with an increased risk of developing symptoms of ICDs in PD. Identifying RBD in PD may help clinicians to choose the best therapeutic strategy.