Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2024
Multicenter StudyCognitive trajectory in the first year after first-ever ischaemic stroke in young adults: the ODYSSEY study.
Limited data exists on cognitive recovery in young stroke patients. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal course of cognitive performance during the first year after stroke at young age and identify predictors for cognitive recovery. ⋯ Cognitive impairment remains prevalent in young stroke even 1 year after the event. Most patients showed no cognitive change, however, recovery may have occurred in the early weeks after stroke, which was not assessed in our study. Among initially cognitively impaired patients, cognitive recovery is observed in processing speed, visuoconstruction and executive functioning. It is still not possible to predict cognitive recovery in individual patients.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2024
ReviewCardiometabolic risk factors and neurodegeneration: a review of the mechanisms underlying diabetes, obesity and hypertension in Alzheimer's disease.
A growing body of evidence suggests that cardiometabolic risk factors play a significant role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Diabetes, obesity and hypertension are highly prevalent and can accelerate neurodegeneration and perpetuate the burden of AD. Insulin resistance and enzymes including insulin degrading enzymes are implicated in AD where breakdown of insulin is prioritised over amyloid-β. ⋯ The renin-aldosterone angiotensin system, involved in hypertension, has been associated with AD pathology and neurotoxic reactive oxygen species, where angiotensin binds to specific angiotensin-1 receptors in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. This review aims to consolidate the evidence behind putative processes stimulated by obesity, diabetes and hypertension, which leads to increased AD risk. We focus on how novel knowledge can be applied clinically to facilitate recognition of efficacious treatment strategies for AD.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2024
Head trauma results in manyfold increased risk of multiple sclerosis in genetically susceptible individuals.
Large register-based studies have reported an association between head trauma and increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to investigate possible interactions between head trauma and MS-associated HLA genes in relation to MS risk. ⋯ Our findings align with previous observations of a dose-dependent association between head trauma and increased risk of MS and add a novel aspect of this association by revealing synergistic effects between recent head trauma and MS-associated HLA genes.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2024
Impact of previous treatment history and B-cell depletion treatment duration on infection risk in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a nationwide cohort study.
B-cell depletion displays striking effectiveness in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), but is also associated with increased infection risk. To what degree previous treatment history, disease-modifying therapy (DMT) switching pattern and time on treatment modulate this risk is unknown. The objective here was to evaluate previous DMT use and treatment duration as predictors of infection risk with B-cell depletion. ⋯ These findings underscore an important safety concern with B-cell depletion in RRMS, being evident also in individuals with shorter disease duration and no previous DMT exposure, in turn motivating the application of risk mitigation strategies.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2024
Meta AnalysisRisk of stroke with different levels of leisure-time physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) protects against vascular diseases. Whether and to what extent different levels of LTPA, including lower ones, benefit stroke prevention is still unclear. ⋯ CRD42023425302.