Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
The evolving contribution of MRI measures towards the prediction of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
In multiple sclerosis (MS), both lesion accrual and brain atrophy predict clinical outcomes. However, it is unclear whether these prognostic features are equally relevant throughout the course of MS. Among 103 participants recruited following a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and followed up over 30 years, we explored (1) whether white matter lesions were prognostically more relevant earlier and brain atrophy later in the disease course towards development of secondary progressive (SP) disease; (2) if so, when the balance in prognostic contribution shifts and (3) whether optimised prognostic models predicting SP disease should include different features dependent on disease duration. ⋯ While SPMS progression is associated with brain atrophy, in predictive models only infratentorial lesions were consistently prognostically significant.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
Validation of the hotspot for dorsolateral subthalamic nucleus targeting in deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson's disease: a post hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial.
Visualisation of the dorsolateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) remains challenging on 1.5 and 3Tesla T2-weighted MRI. Our previously defined hotspot, relative to the well-visualised medial STN border, serves as an MRI landmark for dorsolateral STN identification in deep brain stimulation (DBS). We aimed to validate this hotspot in a separate trial cohort of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and refine its location. ⋯ We validated the hotspot for dorsolateral STN targeting in DBS for patients with PD and showed an improved motor response in poor responders, a reduced variability in motor improvement and a greater dopaminergic medication reduction. We then refined the hotspot at 2.8 mm lateral, 1.1 mm anterior and 2.2 mm superior relative to the medial STN border, which visualises a readily implementable target within the dorsolateral STN on lower field strength MRI.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
Machine learning classification of functional neurological disorder using structural brain MRI features.
Brain imaging studies investigating grey matter in functional neurological disorder (FND) have used univariate approaches to report group-level differences compared with healthy controls (HCs). However, these findings have limited translatability because they do not differentiate patients from controls at the individual-level. ⋯ These findings underscore the interconnection of brain structure and function in the pathophysiology of FND and demonstrate the feasibility of using structural MRI to classify the disorder. Out-of-sample replication and larger-scale classifier efforts incorporating psychiatric and neurological controls are needed.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
Linking LRP12 CGG repeat expansion to inherited peripheral neuropathy.
The causative genes for over 60% of inherited peripheral neuropathy (IPN) remain unidentified. This study endeavours to enhance the genetic diagnostic rate in IPN cases by conducting screenings focused on non-coding repeat expansions. ⋯ We initially elucidate LRP12 repeat expansions as a prevalent cause of CMT, highlighting the necessity for an adapted screening strategy in clinical practice, particularly when addressing patients with IPN.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
First-trimester use of antiseizure medications and the risk of miscarriage: a population-based cohort study.
Antiseizure medications (ASMs) during the first trimester of pregnancy have been associated with an increased risk of miscarriage. ⋯ We found no clear evidence to suggest that first-trimester ASM use increased the risk of miscarriage. Taken together, our analyses suggest that apparent associations between first-trimester ASM use and miscarriage may be the result of confounding by the presence of a bipolar disorder or associated unmeasured variables.