Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Nov 2020
Observational StudyPeripheral immunophenotype in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease: an observational clinical study.
Inflammation plays a key role in the aetiology and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the immunophenotype of the second most common neurodegenerative cause of dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), remains unclear. To date there have been no studies examining peripheral inflammation in DLB using multiplex immunoassay and flow cytometry concomitantly. We hypothesised that, using blood biomarkers, DLB would show an increased proinflammatory profile compared with controls, and that there would be a distinct profile compared with AD. ⋯ Peripheral inflammation is altered in DLB compared with AD, with T cell subset analysis supporting a possible shift towards senescence of the adaptive immune system in DLB. Furthermore, there is a proinflammatory signature of serum cytokines in DLB. Identification of this unique peripheral immunophenotype in DLB could guide development of an immune-based biomarker and direct future work exploring potential immune modulation as a novel treatment.
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Chronic inflammatory axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP) is defined on the basis of the clinical, electrophysiological and nerve biopsy findings and therapeutic responses of 'immunotherapy responding chronic axonal polyneuropathy (IR-CAP)'. ⋯ Diagnosis of CIAP can be made by additional documentation of 'inflammation' by high spinal fluid protein or nerve biopsy in addition to the first two diagnostic criteria of IR-CAP.