Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Sep 2020
ReviewPerformance validity test failure in clinical populations-a systematic review.
Performance validity tests (PVTs) are widely used in attempts to quantify effort and/or detect negative response bias during neuropsychological testing. However, it can be challenging to interpret the meaning of poor PVT performance in a clinical context. Compensation-seeking populations predominate in the PVT literature. ⋯ PVT failure is common across a range of clinical conditions, even in the absence of obvious incentive to underperform. Failure rates are no higher in functional disorders than in other clinical conditions. As PVT failure indicates invalidity of other attempted neuropsychological tests, the finding of frequent and unexpected failure in a range of clinical conditions raises important questions about the degree of objectivity afforded to neuropsychological tests in clinical practice and research.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Sep 2020
Meta AnalysisQuality of life outcomes after globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation in idiopathic or inherited isolated dystonia: a meta-analysis.
Several studies reported the beneficial effects of globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation (GPi DBS) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with inherited or idiopathic isolated dystonia. However, the impact of this intervention on physical and mental/psychological domains and the effects over time remain unclear. ⋯ This is the first meta-analysis that demonstrates significant benefits in HRQoL following DBS in patients with inherited or idiopathic isolated dystonia. The benefits are greater for physical QoL domains compared with mental/psychological QoL. These findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to improve mental/psychological QoL.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Sep 2020
Clinical TrialMultimodal MRI for MRgFUS in essential tremor: post-treatment radiological markers of clinical outcome.
MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy is a promising non-invasive treatment option for medication-resistant essential tremor. However, it has been associated with variable efficacy and a relatively high incidence of adverse effects. ⋯ Lesion size at day 1 predicts symptom recurrence, with fewer recurrences seen with larger lesions. Greater DRTT lesioning is associated with treatment efficacy. These findings may have implications for lesion targeting and extent.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Sep 2020
Multicenter StudyCigarette smoking and risk of intracranial aneurysms in middle-aged women.
We previously reported a single-centre study demonstrating that smoking confers a six-fold increased risk for having an unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) in women aged between 30 and 60 years and this risk was higher if the patient had chronic hypertension. There are no data with greater generalisability evaluating this association. We aimed to validate our previous findings in women from a multicentre study. ⋯ Women aged between 30 and 60 years with a positive smoking history have a four-fold increased risk for having an UIA, and a seven-fold increased risk if they have underlying chronic hypertension. These findings indicate that women aged between 30 and 60 years with a positive smoking history might benefit from a screening recommendation.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Sep 2020
Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum NfL and p-Tau181 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
To assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum neurofilament light (NfL) and serum phospho-Tau181 (p-Tau181) in a large cohort of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). ⋯ The assessment of serum NfL and p-Tau181 may provide a comprehensive view of FTLD, aiding in the differential diagnosis, in staging disease severity and in defining survival probability.