Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jun 2020
CSF levels of glutamine synthetase and GFAP to explore astrocytic damage in seronegative NMOSD.
To explore levels of astrocytopathy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) by measuring levels of the astrocytic enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an established astrocytic biomarker known to be associated with disease activity in multiple sclerosis. ⋯ Our data indicate astrocytic injury occurs in some patients with double-Ab-seronegative NMOSD, which hints at the possible existence of yet undiscovered astrocytic autoimmune targets. We hypothesise that elevated GS and GFAP levels could identify those double-Ab-seronegative patients suitable to undergo in-depth autoimmune screening for astrocytic antibodies.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jun 2020
Ultrastructural mechanisms of macrophage-induced demyelination in Guillain-Barré syndrome.
To describe the pathological features of Guillain-Barré syndrome focusing on macrophage-associated myelin lesions. ⋯ The initial macrophage-associated demyelinating lesions appeared to be located at internodes and at nodal regions. The sites at which the macrophages initiated phagocytosis of myelin might be associated with the location of complement deposition in certain patients with AIDP.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jun 2020
Neuronal pentraxin 2: a synapse-derived CSF biomarker in genetic frontotemporal dementia.
Synapse dysfunction is emerging as an early pathological event in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), however biomarkers are lacking. We aimed to investigate the value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuronal pentraxins (NPTXs), a family of proteins involved in homeostatic synapse plasticity, as novel biomarkers in genetic FTD. ⋯ We conclude that NPTX2 is a promising synapse-derived disease progression biomarker in genetic FTD.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jun 2020
Long-term safety and effectiveness of natalizumab treatment in clinical practice: 10 years of real-world data from the Tysabri Observational Program (TOP).
The Tysabri Observational Programme (TOP), which began >10 years ago, is an open-label, multinational, prospective observational study evaluating the long-term safety and effectiveness of natalizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. ⋯ Since the TOP 5-year interim analysis (December 2012), cohort size (6148 vs 4821), median exposure (3.3 vs 1.8 years) and median follow-up time (62 vs 26 months) have increased. This 10-year interim analysis further supports the robust real-world effectiveness and well-established safety profile of natalizumab.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jun 2020
Ten-year risks of recurrent stroke, disability, dementia and cost in relation to site of primary intracerebral haemorrhage: population-based study.
Patients with primary intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) are at increased long-term risks of recurrent stroke and other comorbidities. However, available estimates come predominantly from hospital-based studies with relatively short follow-up. Moreover, there are also uncertainties about the influence of ICH location on risks of recurrent stroke, disability, dementia and quality of life. ⋯ Compared with non-lobar ICH, the substantially higher 10-year risks of recurrent stroke, dementia and lower QALYs after lobar ICH highlight the need for more effective prevention for this patient group.