Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2024
Multicenter StudyCognitive trajectory in the first year after first-ever ischaemic stroke in young adults: the ODYSSEY study.
Limited data exists on cognitive recovery in young stroke patients. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal course of cognitive performance during the first year after stroke at young age and identify predictors for cognitive recovery. ⋯ Cognitive impairment remains prevalent in young stroke even 1 year after the event. Most patients showed no cognitive change, however, recovery may have occurred in the early weeks after stroke, which was not assessed in our study. Among initially cognitively impaired patients, cognitive recovery is observed in processing speed, visuoconstruction and executive functioning. It is still not possible to predict cognitive recovery in individual patients.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2024
ReviewCardiometabolic risk factors and neurodegeneration: a review of the mechanisms underlying diabetes, obesity and hypertension in Alzheimer's disease.
A growing body of evidence suggests that cardiometabolic risk factors play a significant role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Diabetes, obesity and hypertension are highly prevalent and can accelerate neurodegeneration and perpetuate the burden of AD. Insulin resistance and enzymes including insulin degrading enzymes are implicated in AD where breakdown of insulin is prioritised over amyloid-β. ⋯ The renin-aldosterone angiotensin system, involved in hypertension, has been associated with AD pathology and neurotoxic reactive oxygen species, where angiotensin binds to specific angiotensin-1 receptors in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. This review aims to consolidate the evidence behind putative processes stimulated by obesity, diabetes and hypertension, which leads to increased AD risk. We focus on how novel knowledge can be applied clinically to facilitate recognition of efficacious treatment strategies for AD.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2024
Meta AnalysisRisk of stroke with different levels of leisure-time physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) protects against vascular diseases. Whether and to what extent different levels of LTPA, including lower ones, benefit stroke prevention is still unclear. ⋯ CRD42023425302.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2024
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyEvolution of atrophied T2 lesion volume in primary-progressive multiple sclerosis: results from the phase 3 ORATORIO study.
Atrophied T2-lesion volume (aT2-LV) is an exploratory imaging marker in multiple sclerosis (MS) reflecting the volume of lesions subsumed into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). ⋯ OCR showed a significant effect of reducing the accumulation of aT2-LV in PPMS in the DBP period and was related to CDP-EDSS in OLE only in the PBO arm.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2024
Multicenter StudyPSCK9 inhibitors reduced early recurrent stroke in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.
Symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is prone to cause early recurrent stroke (ERS). Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and prevent cardiovascular events. This multicentre, hospital-based prospective cohort study was designed to investigate whether PCSK9 inhibitors would prevent ERS in patients with symptomatic ICAS. ⋯ In our study, PCSK9 inhibitors add-on therapy further reduced LDL-C levels and ERS in patients with symptomatic ICAS.