Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2024
Observational StudyDisease activity and neonatal outcomes after exposure to natalizumab throughout pregnancy.
After natalizumab discontinuation severe relapses can occur despite pregnancy, but third trimester exposure is associated with neonatal haematological abnormalities (HA). The best time point for stopping natalizumab during pregnancy is unclear. ⋯ Continuing natalizumab during pregnancy after gw 30 decreases the relapse risk postpartum going along with a higher risk for HA in the newborns. These results add relevant knowledge as a basis for informed risk-benefit discussion.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2024
Costs and health effects of CT perfusion-based selection for endovascular thrombectomy within 6 hours of stroke onset: a model-based health economic evaluatin.
Although CT perfusion (CTP) is often incorporated in acute stroke workflows, it remains largely unclear what the associated costs and health implications are in the long run of CTP-based patient selection for endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients presenting within 6 hours after symptom onset with a large vessel occlusion. ⋯ Compared with treating all patients, CTP-based selection for EVT at the optimised ischaemic core volume (ICV≥110 mL) or core-penumbra mismatch ratio (MMR≤1.4) thresholds resulted in losses of health (median ΔQALYs for ICV≥110 mL: -3.3 (IQR: -5.9 to -1.1), for MMR≤1.4: 0.0 (IQR: -1.3 to 0.0)) with median ΔCosts for ICV≥110 mL of -€348 966 (IQR: -€712 406 to -€51 158) and for MMR≤1.4 of €266 513 (IQR: €229 403 to €380 110)) per 1000 patients. Sensitivity analyses did not yield any scenarios for CTP-based selection of patients for EVT that were cost-effective for improving health, including patients aged ≥80 years CONCLUSION: In EVT-eligible patients presenting within 6 hours after symptom onset, excluding patients based on CTP parameters was not cost-effective and could potentially harm patients.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2024
Detailed clinical, physiological and pathological phenotyping can impact access to disease-modifying treatments in ATTR carriers.
Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis is a life-threatening autosomal dominant systemic disease due to pathogenic TTR variants (ATTRv), mostly affecting the peripheral nerves and heart. The disease is characterised by a combination of symptoms, organ involvement and histological amyloid deposition. The available disease-modifying ATTRv treatments (DMTs) are more effective if initiated early. Pathological nerve conduction studies (NCS) results are the cornerstone of large-fibre polyneuropathy diagnosis, but this anomaly occurs late in the disease. We investigated the utility of a multimodal neurological and cardiac evaluation for detecting early disease onset in ATTRv carriers. ⋯ Multimodal neurological and cardiac investigation of TTRv carriers is crucial for the early detection of ATTRv amyloidosis and initiation of DMT.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2024
Head trauma results in manyfold increased risk of multiple sclerosis in genetically susceptible individuals.
Large register-based studies have reported an association between head trauma and increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to investigate possible interactions between head trauma and MS-associated HLA genes in relation to MS risk. ⋯ Our findings align with previous observations of a dose-dependent association between head trauma and increased risk of MS and add a novel aspect of this association by revealing synergistic effects between recent head trauma and MS-associated HLA genes.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · May 2024
Quantitative MRI outcome measures in CMT1A using automated lower limb muscle segmentation.
Lower limb muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained fat fraction (FF) can detect disease progression in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1A (CMT1A). However, analysis is time-consuming and requires manual segmentation of lower limb muscles. We aimed to assess the responsiveness, efficiency and accuracy of acquiring FF MRI using an artificial intelligence-enabled automated segmentation technique. ⋯ Using automated image segmentation for the first time in a longitudinal study in CMT, we have demonstrated that calf FF has similar responsiveness to previously published data, is efficient with minimal time needed for QC checks and is accurate with minimal corrections needed.