Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2024
Seroreactivity against lytic, latent and possible cross-reactive EBV antigens appears on average 10 years before MS induced preclinical neuroaxonal damage.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and presymptomatic axonal injury appear to develop only after an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. This association remains to be confirmed across a broad preclinical time range, for lytic and latent EBV seroreactivity, and for potential cross-reacting antigens. ⋯ Seroreactivity against latent and lytic EBV antigens, and in a subset ANO2, was detectable on average a decade before the appearance of a gradually increasing axonal injury occurring in the last decade before the onset of clinical MS. These findings strengthen the hypothesis of latent EBV involvement in the pathogenesis of MS.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2024
COVID-19 has no impact on disease activity, progression and cognitive performance in people with multiple sclerosis: a 2-year study.
Sequelae of COVID-19 in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) have not been characterised. We explored whether COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of disease activity, disability worsening, neuropsychological distress and cognitive dysfunction during the 18-24 months following SARS-COV-2 infection. ⋯ In PwMS, COVID-19 has no impact on disease activity, course and cognitive performance 18-24 months after infection.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2024
Best practices in phase III clinical trials on DMTs for multiple sclerosis: a systematic analysis and appraisal of published trials.
Great advances have been made in the field of multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy due to the publication of numerous randomised clinical trials (RCTs). In this study, we carried out a critical appraisal of phase III RCTs of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for MS published after 2010, intending to identify critical areas of improvement. ⋯ RCTs for DMTs in MS have relevant and frequent limitations. These should be addressed to enhance their quality, transparency and external validity.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2024
Alzheimer's disease marker phospho-tau181 is not elevated in the first year after moderate-to-severe TBI.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with the tauopathies Alzheimer's disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Advanced immunoassays show significant elevations in plasma total tau (t-tau) early post-TBI, but concentrations subsequently normalise rapidly. Tau phosphorylated at serine-181 (p-tau181) is a well-validated Alzheimer's disease marker that could potentially seed progressive neurodegeneration. We tested whether post-traumatic p-tau181 concentrations are elevated and relate to progressive brain atrophy. ⋯ Plasma p-tau181 is not significantly elevated during the first year after moderate-to-severe TBI and levels do not relate to neuroimaging measures of neurodegeneration.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2024
Premorbid brain structure influences risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease of the motor network associated with brain structure and functional connectivity alterations that are implicated in disease progression. Whether such changes have a causal role in ALS, fitting with a postulated influence of premorbid cerebral architecture on the phenotypes associated with neurodegenerative disorders is not known. ⋯ This study provides evidence that premorbid brain structure, in particular white matter volume, contributes to the risk of ALS.