Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Dec 2016
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyHigher latitude is significantly associated with an earlier age of disease onset in multiple sclerosis.
Age at onset (AAO) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is an important marker of disease severity and may have prognostic significance. Understanding what factors can influence AAO may shed light on the aetiology of this complex disease, and have applications in the diagnostic process. ⋯ An earlier AAO in higher latitude regions was found in this worldwide European-descent cohort and correlated inversely with variation in latitudinal UVR. These results suggest that environmental factors which act at the population level may significantly influence disease severity characteristics in genetically susceptible populations.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Dec 2016
Defining and validating a short form Montreal Cognitive Assessment (s-MoCA) for use in neurodegenerative disease.
Screening for cognitive deficits is essential in neurodegenerative disease. Screening tests, such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), are easily administered, correlate with neuropsychological performance and demonstrate diagnostic utility. Yet, administration time is too long for many clinical settings. ⋯ Early detection of cognitive impairment is an important clinical and public health concern, but administration of screening measures is limited by time constraints in demanding clinical settings. Here, we provide as-MoCA that is valid across neurological disorders and can be administered in approximately 5 min.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Dec 2016
Dietary salt intake and time to relapse in paediatric multiple sclerosis.
Salt intake was reported to be associated with increased clinical and MRI activity in adult patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). ⋯ Higher salt intake was not associated with decreased time to relapse in patients with paediatric-onset MS.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and usually fatal neurodegenerative disease. Survival from diagnosis varies considerably. Several prognostic factors are known, including site of onset (bulbar or limb), age at symptom onset, delay from onset to diagnosis and the use of riluzole and non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Clinicians and patients would benefit from a practical way of using these factors to provide an individualised prognosis. ⋯ A simple and clinically applicable graphical method of predicting an individual patient's survival from diagnosis is presented. The model should be validated in an independent cohort, and extended to include other important prognostic factors.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Dec 2016
The contribution of lesion location to upper limb deficit after stroke.
Motor deficit after stroke is related to regional anatomical damage. ⋯ Quantification of structural damage can add to models explaining motor outcome after stroke, but assessment of corticospinal tract damage alone is unlikely to be sufficient when considering patients with stroke with a wide range of lesion topography.