Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
-
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Dec 2015
Review Meta AnalysisMeta-analysis of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.
The aetiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is believed to involve environmental exposure and genetic susceptibility. The aim of our present systematic review and meta-analysis was to roundly evaluate the association between AD and its modifiable risk factors. ⋯ Effective interventions in diet, medications, biochemical exposures, psychological condition, pre-existing disease and lifestyle may decrease new incidence of AD.
-
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Dec 2015
Review Meta AnalysisWernicke-Korsakoff syndrome not related to alcohol use: a systematic review.
Although Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is a common condition, diagnosis remains difficult. WKS not associated with alcohol is rare and thought to present differently to alcohol-related WKS. We conducted a systematic review of WKS not related to alcohol to enhance understanding of WKS not related to alcohol and WKS in general. ⋯ Thiamine deficiency in the absence of an alcohol-use disorder can cause the full clinical spectrum of WKS, including chronic cognitive impairment and Korsakoff syndrome.
-
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Dec 2015
Review Historical ArticleBell's palsy: aetiology, clinical features and multidisciplinary care.
Bell's palsy is a common cranial neuropathy causing acute unilateral lower motor neuron facial paralysis. Immune, infective and ischaemic mechanisms are all potential contributors to the development of Bell's palsy, but the precise cause remains unclear. Advancements in the understanding of intra-axonal signal molecules and the molecular mechanisms underpinning Wallerian degeneration may further delineate its pathogenesis along with in vitro studies of virus-axon interactions. ⋯ For those with longstanding sequaelae from incomplete recovery, aesthetic, functional (nasal patency, eye closure, speech and swallowing) and psychological considerations need to be addressed by the treating team. Increasingly, multidisciplinary collaboration between interested clinicians from a wide variety of subspecialties has proven effective. A patient centred approach utilising physiotherapy, targeted botulinum toxin injection and selective surgical intervention has reduced the burden of long-term disability in facial palsy.
-
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Dec 2015
ReviewThe corpus callosum in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and other CNS demyelinating and inflammatory diseases.
Lesions in the corpus callosum (CC) are important radiological clues to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), but may also occur in other neuroinflammatory and non-neuroinflammatory conditions. In this article, we discuss the radiological features of lesions within the CC in MS and other central nervous system inflammatory and acquired demyelinating diseases. An understanding of the appearance and location of lesions in the CC is important not only for accurate diagnosis and treatment of these various conditions, but as it also provides insights into pathogenesis.