Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Nov 2015
ReviewLifting the veil: how to use clinical neuropsychology to assess dementia.
Neurologists often struggle to interpret the results of neuropsychological testing, even though cognitive assessments are an integral component of the diagnostic process in dementia syndromes. This article reviews the principles underlying clinical neuropsychology, background on common neuropsychological tests, and tips on how to interpret the results when assessing patients with dementia. ⋯ Finally, the pattern of deficits, helpful in defining clinical dementia phenotypes and sometimes in predicting the underlying molecular pathology, are outlined. Such clinicopathological associations will become invaluable as disease-modifying treatments for dementia are developed and implemented.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Nov 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialFactors influencing long-term outcomes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: PRISMS-15.
An exploratory study of the relationship between cumulative exposure to subcutaneous (sc) interferon (IFN) β-1a treatment and other possible prognostic factors with long-term clinical outcomes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). ⋯ These findings suggest that higher cumulative exposure to sc IFN β-1a may be associated with better clinical outcomes, and early change in EDSS score may have prognostic value, over many years, in RRMS.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Nov 2015
Lateralising value of experiential hallucinations in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Ever since John Hughlings Jackson first described the so-called 'dreamy state' during temporal lobe epilepsy, that is, the sense of an abnormal familiarity (déjà vu) or vivid memory-like hallucinations from the past (experiential hallucinations), these phenomena have been studied and repeatedly linked to mesial temporal lobe structures. However, little is known about the lateralising value of either déjà vu or experiential hallucinations. ⋯ These results suggest a lateralising value for experiential hallucinations to the left temporal lobe.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Nov 2015
Extensive cerebral microbleeds predict parenchymal haemorrhage and poor outcome after intravenous thrombolysis.
Thrombolysis-related haemorrhagic transformation (HT) subtypes may have different prognostic implications. We aimed to analyse the impact of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) burden on HT subtypes and outcome after intravenous thrombolysis. ⋯ The presence of extensive (≥ 3) CMBs increased the risk of PH 24 h after intravenous thrombolysis, and predicted poor clinical outcome independently.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Nov 2015
Diagnostic accuracy of electrically elicited multiplet discharges in patients with motor neuron disease.
To determine and compare the diagnostic accuracy of electrically elicited multiplet discharges (MDs) and fasciculation potentials (FPs) in motor neuron disease (MND). ⋯ Electrically evoked MDs are highly specific for ALS and PMA and are an early sign of lower motor neuron dysfunction.