Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jan 2015
Multicenter StudyA multicentre prospective study of Guillain-Barré syndrome in Japan: a focus on the incidence of subtypes.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is classified into the two major subtypes; acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN). Previous studies have suggested that AIDP is predominant and AMAN is rare in Western countries, whereas AMAN is not always uncommon in East Asia. We aimed to clarify the incidence of the subtypes of GBS in Japan. ⋯ The frequency of GBS patients with the electrodiagnosis of AMAN by single nerve conduction studies is approximately 20% in Japan, and the AMAN pattern is closely associated with anti-GM1 antibodies. The incidence of FS appears to be much higher in Japan than in Western countries.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jan 2015
Cerebral tau is elevated after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage and associated with brain metabolic distress and poor functional and cognitive long-term outcome.
Recent evidence suggests axonal injury after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). The microtubule-associated protein, tau, has been shown to be elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid after aSAH, however, brain extracellular tau levels and their relation to long-term neurological and cognitive outcomes have not been investigated. ⋯ These results suggest that CMD-total tau may be an important biomarker for predicting long-term outcome in patients with severe aSAH. The value of axonal injury needs further confirmation in a larger patient cohort, preferably combined with advanced imaging techniques.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jan 2015
Electrophysiological diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome subtype: could a single study suffice?
Serial electrophysiology has been suggested as essential for accurate diagnosis in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). However, whether more adapted electrophysiological criteria may allow a single study to be sufficient is unknown. ⋯ A single electrophysiological study may suffice to establish the ultimate electrodiagnosis of GBS subtype if the proposed modified electrodiagnostic criteria are used.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jan 2015
Review Meta AnalysisPharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
A wide variety of pharmacological agents are used in the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms, which are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but results from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of these agents are conflicting. ⋯ ChEIs and atypical antipsychotics could improve neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD patients, but with bad safety outcomes.