Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Oct 2014
Review Meta AnalysisBone health in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Parkinson's disease (PD) and osteoporosis are chronic diseases associated with increasing age. Single studies have reported associations between them and the major consequence, namely, increased risk of fractures. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the relationship of PD with osteoporosis, bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. ⋯ This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that PD patients are at higher risk for both osteoporosis and osteopenia compared with healthy controls, and that female patients are at greater risk than male patients. Patients with PD also have lower BMD and are at increased risk of fractures.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Oct 2014
ReviewThe neuropsychiatry of tinnitus: a circuit-based approach to the causes and treatments available.
Patients presenting with tinnitus commonly have neuropsychiatric symptoms with which physicians need to be familiar. We provide an overview of tinnitus, including its types and pathophysiology. We discuss how recent methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, positron emission tomography, MRI, magnetoencephalography and quantitative EEG improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of tinnitus and connect tinnitus to the neuropsychiatric symptoms. ⋯ In conclusion, a review of the literature demonstrates the varied neuropsychiatric manifestations of tinnitus. Imaging studies help to explain the mechanism of the association. However, more research is needed to elucidate the neurocircuitry underlying the association.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Oct 2014
ReviewCerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in parkinsonian conditions: an update and future directions.
Parkinsonian diseases comprise a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders, which show significant clinical and pathological overlap. Accurate diagnosis still largely relies on clinical acumen; pathological diagnosis remains the gold standard. ⋯ In this review, several of the most promising cerebrospinal fluid candidate markers will be discussed. Their strengths and limitations will be considered together with future developments in the field.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Oct 2014
Clinical TrialPharmacokinetics of intravenous immunoglobulin in multifocal motor neuropathy.
Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is often responsive to treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), but the optimal dose and intervals of IVIg maintenance treatment have not been established. Increase in IgG concentration (ΔIgG) after IVIg infusion has recently been identified as determinant of outcome in Guillain-Barré syndrome. ΔIgG may therefore represent a potentially useful biomarker to optimise IVIg dosing in patients with MMN. ⋯ IVIg pharmacokinetics varies in patients with MMN and may be associated with clinical response.