Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jun 2004
Comparative StudyClinical features and long term outcome of epilepsy in periventricular nodular heterotopia. Simple compared with plus forms.
Little is known about the long term outcome of patients with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) and epilepsy, particularly the course of seizures. This study investigated the electroclinical and prognostic features of 16 patients with PNH. ⋯ Two groups of PNH patients with different electroclinical and neuroradiological features can be identified after a long term follow up. The presence of other types of cortical or cerebral malformations, in addition to periventricular nodules, determines a poor prognosis.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jun 2004
Comparative StudyQuantified measurement of activity provides insight into motor function and recovery in neurological disease.
A direct quantitative measurement of locomotor activity in an individual's own environment over an extended period may help in evaluating the impact of impairments in neurological disorders. ⋯ Ambulatory monitoring provides a reliable and valid measure of activity levels. Neurological patients, living independently, demonstrate lower activity levels than healthy matched controls. Ambulatory monitoring as an outcome measure has potential for improving the evaluation of ambulation and providing insight into participation.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jun 2004
Comparative StudyRisk and protective effects of the APOE gene towards Alzheimer's disease in the Kungsholmen project: variation by age and sex.
The risk effect of APOE epsilon 4 allele for Alzheimer's disease is acknowledged, whereas the putative protective effect of epsilon 2 allele remains in debate. ⋯ The APOE genotype specific effects on Alzheimer's disease vary by age and sex, in which the epsilon 4 allele has a stronger risk effect in men, and the epsilon 2 allele confers a protective effect only in younger-old people.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jun 2004
Comparative StudyProbable multiple system atrophy in a German family.
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder of unknown aetiology. A possible underlying genetic component has not yet been identified. A family is reported with phenotypic MSA and probable autosomal dominant inheritance. The patients presented initially with either parkinsonian or cerebellar signs, and developed severe autonomic failure and typical atrophy of the brain stem and cerebellum in the course of the disease.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jun 2004
Case Reports Comparative StudyA dystonic syndrome associated with anti-basal ganglia antibodies.
Anti-basal ganglia antibodies (ABGA) have been associated with movement disorders (usually tics and chorea) and psychiatric disturbance in children. This report describes five adult and adolescent patients (one male, four females; mean age of onset, 16 years (range, 13-35)) who presented subacutely with a clinical syndrome dominated by dystonia and had ABGA binding to antigens of similar molecular weights to those seen in Sydenham's chorea. ⋯ Three patients received immunosuppressive treatment, with three showing a notable reduction in symptoms. It is hypothesised that dystonia in adults or adolescents may be part of the clinical spectrum of the post-infectious syndrome associated with ABGA.