Lancet
-
Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Perinatal intervention trial in Africa: effect of a birth canal cleansing intervention to prevent HIV transmission.
Perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 contributes significantly to infant mortality. Exposure in the birth canal may account for some transmission. We examined the efficacy of a birth canal washing procedure in reducing perinatal transmission in Malawi. ⋯ If birth canal exposure is an important risk factor, different or additional methods to reduce the risk of perinatal HIV transmission should be tested. Alternatively, perhaps birth canal exposure is not a major contributor to perinatal infection risk.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Effects of artemisinin derivatives on malaria transmissibility.
On the western border of Thailand the efficacy of mefloquine in the treatment of falciparum malaria has declined while gametocyte carriage rates have increased, which suggests increased transmissibility of these resistant infections. We compared the following antimalarial drugs in relation to subsequent Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage: mefloquine, halofantrine, quinine, and the artemisinin derivatives. ⋯ Although environmental changes affect vector numbers, and hence malaria incidence, artemisinin derivatives were found to reduce the transmission potential of falciparum malaria. Widespread introduction of artemisinin derivatives in the treatment of falciparum malaria may prevent the spread of multidrug resistance.
-
Letter Case Reports
Nitrous oxide and morphine in children with sickle cell crisis.