Lancet
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Food insecurity has increased since the 2008 global financial crisis. Particularly vulnerable are mothers with young children, pregnant women, and lone parents (the majority of whom are women). This systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies aimed to explore women's experiences of food insecurity and how it affects their nutritional health and wellbeing. ⋯ The Economic and Social Research Council.
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The serial interval is a key epidemiological measure that quantifies the time between an infector's and an infectee's onset of symptoms. This measure helps investigate epidemiological links between cases, and is an important parameter in transmission models used to estimate transmissibility and inform control strategies. The emergence of multiple variants of concern (VOC) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to uncertainties about potential changes in the serial interval of COVID-19. We estimated the household serial interval of multiple VOC using data collected by the Virus Watch study. This online, prospective, community cohort study followed-up entire households in England and Wales since mid-June 2020. ⋯ UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust.
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Poor cognitive ability in childhood may lead to poor outcomes across the life course. Thus, isolating clusters of children who share similar trajectories of cognitive development across the childhood developmental stages will facilitate the development of more precise interventions. This study sought to identify trajectories of cognitive development across childhood and early-adolescence. We then aimed to assess associations of these trajectories with demographic factors, socioeconomic circumstances, parenting and school environment. ⋯ UK National Institute for Health Research Doctoral Research Fellowship Programme.
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Observational Study
Changes in diet and physical activity after a pilot intervention to tackle childhood obesity in a deprived inner-London community: an observational cohort study.
Local authorities in England are uniquely positioned to modify obesogenic local environments contributing to childhood obesity. Evaluating the effects of local authority-led, community-wide approaches is challenging. This study examines changes in diet and physical activity in children aged 6-11 years after a 4-year, complex, community-based, pilot intervention in Golborne, one of the most deprived areas in London. ⋯ Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. CB is funded by the School for Public Health Research of the National Institute for Health and Care Research (grant reference PD-SPH-2015). CJ is partly funded by Public Health at the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaborative. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Institute for Health and Care Research or the Department of Health and Social Care.
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A supportive urban environment can prevent or delay the progress of cognitive decline. There is evidence for the existence of mechanistic pathways between the urban environment and cognitive decline, but the interrelations between these pathways are unclear. In this study, we aimed to map the mechanistic pathways by which urban environment factors affect cognitive decline in adults older than 50 years. ⋯ UK Research and Innovation.