Lancet
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Better evaluation of existing health programmes, appropriate policy making against emerging health threats, and reducing inequalities in Iran rely on a comprehensive national and subnational breakdown of the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. ⋯ Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Glomerulonephritis is a heterogeneous group of disorders that present with a combination of haematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and reduction in kidney function to a variable degree. Acute presentation with full blown nephritic syndrome or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is uncommon and is mainly restricted to patients with post-infectious glomerulonephritis, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitis, and anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. Most frequently, patients present with asymptomatic haematuria and proteinuria with or without reduced kidney function. ⋯ In the last few years, substantial progress has been made in unravelling the underlying causes and pathogenetic mechanisms of glomerulonephritis and a causal approach to the classification of glomerulonephritis is now favoured over a pattern-based approach. As such, glomerulonephritis can be broadly classified as immune-complex glomerulonephritis (including infection-related glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and cryoglobulinaemic glomerulonephritis), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated (pauci-immune) glomerulonephritis, anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis, C3 glomerulopathy, and monoclonal immunoglobulin-associated glomerulonephritis. We provide an overview of the clinical presentation, pathology, and the current therapeutic approach of the main representative disorders in the spectrum of glomerulonephritis.