Lancet
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Comparative Study
Decreased cerebrospinal-fluid/serum leptin ratio in obesity: a possible mechanism for leptin resistance.
A receptor for leptin has been cloned from the choroid plexus, the site of cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) production and the location of the blood/cerebrospinal-fluid barrier. Thus, this receptor might serve as a transporter for leptin. We have studied leptin concentrations in serum and (CSF). ⋯ Our data suggest that leptin enters the brain by a saturable transport system. The capacity of leptin transport is lower in obese individuals, and may provide a mechanism for leptin resistance.
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Retraction Of Publication
Retraction: familial Alzheimer's disease associated with S182 codon 286 mutation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Randomised controlled trial of single BCG, repeated BCG, or combined BCG and killed Mycobacterium leprae vaccine for prevention of leprosy and tuberculosis in Malawi. Karonga Prevention Trial Group.
Repeat BCG vaccination is standard practice in many countries for prevention of tuberculosis and leprosy, but its effectiveness has not been evaluated. The addition of Mycobacterium leprae antigens to BCG might improve its effectiveness against leprosy. A double-blind, randomised, controlled trial to evaluate both these procedures was carried out in Karonga District, northern Malawi, where a single BCG vaccine administered by routine health services had previously been found to afford greater than 50% protection against leprosy, but no protection against tuberculosis. ⋯ In a population in which a single BCG vaccination affords 50% or more protection against leprosy, but none against tuberculosis, a second vaccination can add appreciably to the protection against leprosy, without providing any protection against tuberculosis.