Lancet
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During 1974 in the West Midlands of England, 38% of children less than 6 years old with enteritis were excreting rotaviruses. Children aged from 6 months to 3 years were those most commonly infected. Rotavirus infections were most common during winter with only a few sporadic cases during summer. A possible pathogen was detected in 59% of patients examined.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of 5-day, 1-day, and 2-day cyclical combination chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer.
The results of 5-day cyclical combined chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer were compared in two trials with the less demanding 1-day and 2-day regimens. At all stages, except at 3 months, 5-day treatment was significantly more successful in providing regression and remission of tumours than the 1-day regimen. However, although the differences are not statistically significant, data from the second trial indicated that the 2-day regimen tended to be more effective than the 5-day regimen. The lower 95% confidence limit for the success of the 2-day treatment was 56.2% at 3 months.
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It is postulated that one major subtype of gastric carcinoma ("intestinal type") is the end- result of a series of mutations and cell transformation begun in the first decade of life. The mutagen could be a nitroso compound synthesised in the upper gastrointestinal tract by the action of nitrite (i.e., from food or saliva) on naturally occurring nitrogen compounds. Under normal conditions these nitroso compounds do not reach the gastric epithelial cell, presumably because their synthesis is inhibited by antioxidants present in food or because of their inability to pass the mucous barrier. ⋯ Once the first mutation occurs, the glandular gastric epithelium is gradually changed to intestinal-type epithelium, the mucous barrier altered, and the pH elevated. Under these conditions, bacteria proliferate in the gastric cavity and facilitate the conversion of nitrates to nitrites, thereby increasing the nitrite pool and the probability of formation of mutagenic-carcinogenic nitroso compounds. This process of gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia goes on for 30 to 50 years until some of the individuals affected have the final mutation or cell transformation which allows the cell to become autonomous and invade other tissues.