The Medical clinics of North America
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Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States with an estimated 6 million adults living with heart failure. In patients with heart failure, the physical examination can provide important prognostic information and is also used to guide both diagnosis and management, including determining the need for inpatient versus outpatient management. Presenting symptoms include dyspnea, peripheral edema, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and bendopnea. In patients with suspected heart failure, a "head-to-toe" physical examination approach is recommended with the addition of special maneuvers such as the measurement of jugular venous pressure, valsalva maneuver, and hepatojugular reflux as needed.
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Movement disorders are commonly encountered by the general practitioner and can be divided into 2 broad categories: hypokinetic and hyperkinetic. The former involves loss or slowing of movement, whereas the latter is characterized by excessive and involuntary movements. ⋯ As no laboratory test or radiologic study is confirmatory for these disorders, diagnosis must be made clinically and the neurologic examination is indispensable. In this article, we discuss physical examination techniques that will help diagnose common movement disorders.
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Med. Clin. North Am. · May 2022
ReviewCan't Miss Infections: Endocarditis, Cellulitis, Erysipelas, Necrotizing Fasciitis, Cholecystitis.
This article reviews the presentation, physical examination findings, and diagnosis of selective common acute infectious diseases. In this article, we review nonpurulent skin infections, infective endocarditis, and acute cholecystitis.