Medicine
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Meta Analysis
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Canagliflozin is a new SGLT2 inhibitor which has been approved as an adjunct to diet and exercise for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus in more than 30 countries. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with T2D, we carried out a meta-analysis of phase III clinical trials to offer an additional evidence of the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin for evidence-based clinical practice, strictly restricting the treatment durations to 26 weeks (core period) and 52 weeks (extension period). ⋯ Canagliflozin was found to reduce HbA1c, fasting and postmeal glucose, body weight, BP, and triglycerides, and it was generally well tolerated in patients with T2DM.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A simple blind placement of the left-sided double-lumen tubes.
One-lung ventilation (OLV) has been commonly provided by using a double-lumen tube (DLT). Previous reports have indicated the high incidence of inappropriate DLT positioning in conventional maneuvers. After obtaining approval from the medical ethics committee of First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and written consent from patients, 88 adult patients belonging to American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status grade I or II, and undergoing elective thoracic surgery requiring a left-side DLT for OLV were enrolled in this prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled study. ⋯ Time for fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) took 22 ± 4.8 seconds in simple maneuver group and was statistically faster than that in conventional maneuver group (43.6 ± 23.7 seconds, P < 0.001). Nearly 98% of the 44 intubations in simple maneuver group were considered as in optimal position while only 52% of the 44 intubations in conventional maneuver group were in optimal position, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). This simple maneuver is more rapid and more accurate to position left-sided DLTs, it may be substituted for FOB during positioning of a left-sided DLT in condition that FOB is unavailable or inapplicable.
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Review Case Reports
Efficacy of bosentan in patients with refractory thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease): A case series and review of the literature.
The cornerstone of therapy in thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is complete abstinence from tobacco. In addition to discontinuation of cigarette smoking, very few pharmacological and surgical options of controversial efficacy are available to date. New therapeutic options with greater efficacy are clearly needed to properly manage these patients. ⋯ When comparing patients who gave up smoking with those who were unable to completely abstain from smoking during follow-up, no significant differences were found in efficacy outcomes. Four patients (15%) developed adverse events, requiring bosentan discontinuation in 1 case. These preliminary data suggest that bosentan may be considered a therapeutic option for treatment of cases of severe TAO refractory to conventional treatment, and merit further evaluation in larger controlled, randomized clinical studies.
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Review Case Reports
Prenatal diagnosis and genetic discoveries of an intracranial mixed neuronal-glial tumor: A case report and literature review.
Congenital intracranial tumors as a group are quite rare, representing only 0.5% to 1.5% of all pediatric brain neoplasms. ⋯ Prenatal detection of mixed neuronal-glial tumor is very rare. Ultrasound is of critical importance to detect the intracranial tumors, and MRI can give us some detailed information about the tumors. However, the precise histologic type was depended on the pathological examination. CMA should be necessary for the fetuses with congenital intracranial tumors, especially when the fetal chromosomal karyotype analysis is normal.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy and safety of continuous radiofrequency thermocoagulation plus pulsed radiofrequency for treatment of V1 trigeminal neuralgia: A prospective cohort study.
Patients may develop serious eye complications after continuous radiofrequency thermocoagulation (CRF) for V1 (ophthalmic division) trigeminal neuralgia (TN) at a higher temperature. Therefore, the temperature of clinical CRF for V1 TN has long been disputed, but there have few reports been found about how to achieve satisfactory pain relief, reduce the incidence rates of complications, and shorten the recovery time after CRF for V1 TN. To observe whether pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) can lead to increased rate in pain relief, reduced rate of complications, or shortened recovery time after CRF is used to treat V1 idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (ITN). ⋯ The mean scores of HRQoL in group B patients were higher than that in group A patients (P < 0.05). PRF after CRF results in decreased recurrence of V1 TN, reduced numbers of corneal hypoesthesia, shortened recovery time, and increased HRQoL scores. Its clinical use is recommended.