Medicine
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Primary malignant melanoma of the gallbladder is an extremely rare tumor, with fewer than 40 cases reported in the literature worldwide. The majority of patients presented as a solitary lesion in the gallbladder. To our knowledge, only one case of primary malignant melanoma of the gallbladder with multiple metastases has been reported, which involved the stomach, duodenum, pancreas, jejunum and a mesenteric lymph node. ⋯ The current case was unique due to the adrenal involvement. For patients with multiple metastases of malignant melanoma, gallbladder origin should be considered in the differential diagnosis from cutaneous origin.
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Currently, the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) is a challenge. Percutaneous puncture endovascular placement of iodine-125 (I) seeds strand and stent is reported to treat HCC with tumor thrombus effectively. However, it is proved to be only suitable for the main portal vein (MPV) thrombus. ⋯ A Y-configuration stent makes it possible to treat tumor thrombosis in portal vein branches (PVBs). However, the long-term curative effects of Y-configuration stents need to be verified.
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Case Reports
Endovascular management of renal artery aneurysms induced by neurofibromatosis type 1: A case report.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by cafe au lait macules and neurofibromatosis. Renal artery aneurysms are relatively uncommon. Endovascular techniques are effective in treating renal aneurysms but successful cases are rarely reported in NF-1 adults. ⋯ Successful endovascular treatment for NF-1 related renal artery aneurysms in adults is reported for the 1st time with preserved renal function and improved hypertension. Endovascular procedure is considered to be feasible and effective for renal artery aneurysms induced by NF-1.
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Case Reports
Osteopoikilosis found incidentally in a 17-year-old adolescent with femoral shaft fracture: A case report.
Osteopoikilosis is a rare and asymptomatic disease of the bone, which is often discovered occasionally on radiography for irrelevant complaints. Characterized by multiple, small, circular, or oval-shaped radiodense lesions, it may be confused with bony metastatic tumors. ⋯ Although this case is not so complicated, we have to be cautious when differentiating osteopoikilosis and bony metastases in clinical practice in future, which should avoid causing undue distress to both the patients and doctors.
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Primary leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the vein is a rare tumor that arises from the smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall and has an extremely poor prognosis. This tumor can occur in vessels such as the inferior vena cava, great saphenous vein, femoral vein, iliac vein, popliteal vein, and renal vein; the inferior vena cava is the most common site. LMS of the femoral vein can result in edema and pain in the lower extremity; therefore, it is not easy to be differentiated from deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Moreover, virtually no studies have described the ultrasonographic features of LMS of the vein in detail. ⋯ The pitfall of misdiagnosing this tumor as DVT is a useful reminder.