Medicine
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We evaluated the readability of Internet-sourced patient education materials (PEMs) related to "labour analgesia." In addition to assessing the readability of websites, we aimed to compare commercial, personal, and academic websites. We used the most popular search engine (http://www.google.com) in our study. The first 100 websites in English that resulted from a search for the key words "labour analgesia" were scanned. ⋯ Analysis of 300-word sections of the texts revealed that the mean FRES was 47.54 ± 12.54 (quite difficult), mean FKGL and SMOG were 11.92 ± 2.59 and 10.57 ± 1.88 years of education, respectively, and mean Gunning FOG was 14.71 ± 2.76 (very difficult). Within 300-word sections, the mean number of Latin words was identified as 16.56 ± 6.37. In our study, the readability level of Internet-sourced PEM related to "labour analgesia" was identified to be quite high indicating poor readability.
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Observational Study Retracted Publication
Effects of age and sex on epigenetic modification induced by an acute physical exercise.
It has been observed that, after 2 hours of aerobic exercise, plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) increases whereas nuclear concentrations of enzyme DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 3B significantly decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), with no change observed in DNMT3A. The aim of the present study was to detect differences in these changes induced by exercise in plasma IL-6 levels as well as in PBMC nuclear concentrations of DNMT3A and DNMT3B, in relation to age and sex. Four groups were studied: 12 young men (24.8 ± 1.77 years old), 12 young women (23.8 ± 1.81 years old), 12 adult men (45.8 ± 1.82 years old), 12 adult women (mean 44.5 ± 2.07 years old). ⋯ Moreover, a strong positive correlation between the nuclear concentration of DNMT3B in PBMC following stimulation with post-exercise plasma and post-exercise plasma concentrations of IL-6 was observed in all the 4 studied groups. This study confirms that a single bout of endurance exercise is sufficient to decrease nuclear concentrations of DNMT3B and thus protein upregulation. Moreover, the epigenetic mechanisms induced by exercise apparently cause more intense changes in men than in women and that, in both of them, this effect seems to decrease with age.
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Review Meta Analysis
Preoperative intravenous glucocorticoids can decrease acute pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting after total hip arthroplasty: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were performed to assess the efficacy and safety of preoperative intravenous glucocorticoids versus controls for the prevention of postoperative acute pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). ⋯ Intravenous glucocorticoids can decrease early pain intensity and PONV after THA. However, the low number of studies and variation in dosing regimens limits the evidence for its use. Thus, more high-quality RCTs are still needed to identify the optimal drug and the safety of intravenous glucocorticoids.
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Review Meta Analysis
The significance of uric acid in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease: An updated systemic review.
Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by chronic and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substansia nigra pars compacta. Oxidative stress is proposed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of PD. Uric acid (UA), as an important physiological antioxidant, is identified a molecular predictor associated with a decreased risk and a slower disease progression for PD and potential neuroprotectant of PD by increasing epidemiological and clinical evidences. Within this review, we will present a comprehensive overview of the data linking UA to PD in recent years. ⋯ Our findings supported that lots of clinical and epidemiological data observed lower UA levels in PD patients. Manipulation of UA or its precursors' concentration could be effective to treat or prevent PD. However, it is still suspectable that higher UA levels are better enough to PD patients. Furthermore, for the complex nature of PD and its heterogeneous genetic and environmental influences, it is inadequate for just manipulating UA in treating the disease.
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Obese patients are more likely to encounter with difficult airway management, and supraglottic airway device has been adopted to facilitate tracheal intubation. The optimum anesthetic concentration for obese patients to insert a supraglottic airway device with spontaneous respiration has not been investigated. This study was designed to determine the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane that would provide acceptable condition for supraglottic airway device insertion with propofol at induction in obese patients without using neuromuscular blockade. ⋯ The minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane for successful insertion of supraglottic airway device calculated using up-and-down method were 2.25 (0.53) % for obese patients. The values of the effective concentration of sevoflurane for successful supraglottic airway device insertion in 50% (EC50) and 95% (EC95) of the obese patients obtained by probit regression analysis were 2.09% (95% confidence interval 1.48-2.68) and 3.31% (95% confidence interval 2.70-8.12), respectively. We conclude that sevoflurane at a minimum alveolar concentration of 2.25% can provide optimal conditions for insertion of supraglottic airway device with spontaneous respiration in obese patients with 1 mg/kg propofol at induction.