Medicine
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Review Meta Analysis
Preventing necrotizing enterocolitis by food additives in neonates: A network meta-analysis revealing the efficacy and safety.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious multifactorial gastrointestinal disease which is often discovered in premature infants. Various additives have been used to prevent NEC; yet, their relative efficacy and safety remain disputed. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of 5 food additives, namely, probiotics, probiotics + fructo-oligosaccharides, pentoxifylline, arginine, and lactoferrin in preventing NEC in neonates. ⋯ Based on this NMA, probiotics had the potential to be the most preferable additive, since it exhibited a significant superiority for NEC and mortality as well as a relatively balanced performance in safety.
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Review Meta Analysis
A systematic review of the keystone design perforator island flap in lower extremity defects.
The keystone design perforator island flap is useful for the reconstruction of lower extremity defects. We performed a systematic review with the objective of identifying complication rates associated with using the keystone design perforator island flap to treat such defects. ⋯ Given its high success rate and low technical complexity, if applicable, the keystone design perforator island flap should be the preferred approach for lower extremity reconstruction.
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Review Meta Analysis
A systematic review and meta-analysis of intravenous glucocorticoids for acute pain following total hip arthroplasty.
Glucocorticoids are increasingly used perioperatively, principally to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and acute postoperative pain following total hip arthroplasty (THA). The authors hypothesized that preoperative intravenous glucocorticoids is associated with less pain scores and PONV without increasing the complications after THA. ⋯ Intravenous glucocorticoid treatment can decrease early pain intensity and PONV after THA. However, the evidence for the use of glucocorticoids is limited by the low number of studies and variation in dosing regimens. Thus, additional high-quality RCTs are needed to identify the optimal drug protocol and determine the safety of intravenous glucocorticoids.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A randomized comparison of volume- and pressure-controlled ventilation in children with the i-gel: Effects on peak inspiratory pressure, oropharyngeal leak pressure, and gastric insufflation.
The i-gel provides good airway sealing but gastric insufflation may occur when peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) exceeds the sealing pressure of the i-gel without a gastric tube. Pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) provides lower PIP compared with volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) and low PIP may reduce the incidence of gastric insufflation in children during positive pressure ventilation. This study was designed to evaluate PIP, oropharyngeal leak pressure, and gastric insufflation during VCV or PCV in children undergoing general anesthesia with i-gel without a gastric tube in situ. ⋯ When i-gel was used without a gastric tube, gastric insufflation occurred regardless of the ventilation modes, which provided different PIP.
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Review Meta Analysis
Prevalence of comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A meta-analysis.
This study compares the prevalence rates of comorbidities between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non-COPD control patients reported in literature. ⋯ COPD is associated with significantly higher comorbidities than in other diseases that should be taken into consideration in COPD control strategies.