Medicine
-
Review Meta Analysis
Association of maternal diabetes with autism spectrum disorders in offspring: A systemic review and meta-analysis.
Studies on the association of maternal diabetes with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in offspring provide inconsistent findings; therefore an updated and comprehensive literature review and meta-analysis is necessary to perform in order to evaluate the available evidences. After searching databases systematically, we established the inclusion criteria and selected the eligible studies. In both overall and stratified analyses, the estimated effects were synthesized dependent on the presence or absence of heterogeneity. ⋯ In terms of the analyses on reliable evidences from case-control studies, heterogeneity and publication bias disappeared, and the risk of ASDs was increased by 62% among diabetic mothers compared with non-diabetic mothers. Maternal diabetes, especially gestational diabetes mellitus, is associated with ASDs in offspring based on a limited number of convincing case-control studies. More large-scale population-based prospective studies are still needed to draw firm conclusions.
-
Review Meta Analysis
Are phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors associated with increased risk of melanoma?: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are recommended for patients with erectile dysfunction by American Urological Association and European Association Urology guidelines. However, recent researches have shown that PDE5 inhibitors may lead to increased melanoma risk. Thus, we aimed to explore whether PDE5 inhibitors are associated with increased melanoma risk based on published literatures. ⋯ For localized and nonlocalized melanoma, the results were different (OR: 1.22; 95%CI: 1.04-1.43 for localized melanoma) (OR: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.39-0.98 for nonlocalized melanoma). It also showed that PDE5 inhibitors were associated with increased BCC risk (OR: 1.18; 95%CI: 1.11-1.27). The association between PDE5 inhibitors and melanoma might not be causal due to potential bias (patient selection, and so on) and limitations.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Observational Study
The effects of one-lung ventilation mode on lung function in elderly patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery.
The objective of the present study was to explore the effects of different one-lung ventilation (OLV) modes on lung function in elderly patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery. A total of 180 consecutive elderly patients (ASA Grades I-II, with OLV indications) undergoing elective surgery were recruited in the study. Patients were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 45). ⋯ The incidence of pulmonary infection, anastomotic fistula, ventilator-induced lung injury, lung dysfunction, difficulty weaning from mechanical ventilation, and multiple organ dysfunction in Groups A and B were lower than that in Groups C and D (all P < .05). The expression levels of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein in lavage fluid in Group A were significantly lower than those in the other groups (all P < .05). OLV with low tidal volume (VT < 8 mL/kg) + PCV (5 cmH2O PEEP) improved lung function and mitigated inflammatory responses in elderly patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery.
-
Eosinophilic pneumonia (EP) is an important subset of patients who present with pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia (PIE). EP is classified by chronicity and etiology and drug-induced EP is the main cause of secondary EP. The primary goal of this review was to examine all the case reports published since the syndrome was defined in 1990. It remains unclear whether acute or chronic EP (AEP or CEP) represent different diseases, and the secondary goal of this review is to determine if there are factors that may help distinguish these 2 entities. ⋯ AEP is a much more fulminant and severe disease than the gradual onset and slowly progressive nature of CEP. The pathogenesis of AEP and CEP remains unclear. However, there is significant clinical overlap among AEP and CEP that are associated with drug toxicity, suggesting the possibility that AEP and CEP are distinct clinical presentations that share a common pathogenic pathway.
-
Review Case Reports
Clinicopathological features of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma with sarcomatous change: Case report and literature review.
Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) is a rare subtype of primary liver malignancy comprising <1.5% of all primary liver tumors. Sarcomatoid changes in cHCC-CC are even rarer. Due to the rarity of this subtype, its clinicopathological feature is poorly understood. Therefore, here we report 2 tumors. ⋯ In this report, we describe 2 rare cases of cHCC-CC with sarcomatous change, and findings are helpful for the pathologists would like to further identify the clinicopathological features of this rare tumor.