Medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Mobile health, physical activity, and obesity: Subanalysis of a randomized controlled trial.
Recent studies on physical activity were analyzed by randomizing participants into either the intervention or control group. It is necessary to classify each intervention and control groups according to physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). ⋯ Anthropometric indices and laboratory test results were improved in the smartphone-based intervention group. Especially, improvement of metabolic components in the group with more active physical activity was remarkable.
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Post-cardiac arrest care was implemented in 2010 and has been shown to improve the survival of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the findings varied for different survival conditions. We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of records from 2007 to 2013 in the National Health Insurance Research Database. ⋯ Improvements in the odds of 2-day and 7-day survival were discovered only in patients <65 years old. Our data reinforce that short-term survival improved after implementation of post-cardiac arrest care. However, older age seemed to nullify the influence of post-cardiac arrest care on survival.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Impact of co-infection by hepatitis C virus on immunological and virological response to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive patients.
We assessed the effect of co-infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) on immunological and virological response at 48 weeks from initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We included patients from the Cohort of Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) starting ART between January 2004 and November 2014, had at least 1 CD4 T-cell count and viral load measurements both in the previous 6 months and at 48 (±12) weeks from ART initiation, and HCV serology before ART initiation. We used linear regression for mean differences in CD4 T-cell count increase from ART initiation and logistic regression to estimate odds ratios for virological response. ⋯ The percentages of patients achieving a virological response at 48 weeks were 87.0% and 78.3% in mono and coinfected patients, respectively. Multivariable analyses showed that at 48 weeks, coinfected patients increased 44.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.8-64.3) cells/μL less than monoinfected and had lower probability of virological response (odds ratio: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.44-0.88). HIV/HCV-coinfected patients have lower immunological and virological responses at 48 weeks from ART initiation than monoinfected patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Characteristics of repaglinide and its mechanism of action on insulin secretion in patients with newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes mellitus.
This study aims to compare the effect of repaglinide and metformin among Chinese patients with newly diagnosed diabetes, and explore the possible mechanisms by which repaglinide alters insulin secretion. Sixty subjects with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) < 10.0% were randomly selected to receive repaglinide or metformin monotherapy for 15 weeks. Blood glucose levels, glycemic variability, β-cell function, and first-phase insulin secretion were compared between these 2 groups at baseline and at 15 weeks. ⋯ The insulin levels of the cell medium in the repaglinide group remained significantly higher at all timepoints. This study manifests that repaglinide has a noninferiority effect on the glycemic parameters of Chinese patients with newly diagnosed diabetes, when compared with metformin. The PCNT-F-actin pathway plays an important role in the repaglinide regulation process of on-demand insulin secretion.
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Bronchial foreign body aspiration is a critical condition that jeopardizes the respiratory function of children. Prompt diagnosis and removal of the foreign body can reduce occurrence of foreign body complications and mortality. Aspiration of spherical plastic beads is rare, and the bead is difficult to retrieve. ⋯ Foreign body aspiration in children constitutes a medical emergency in severe cases. Flexible bronchoscopy and balloon-tipped catheter retrieval can be used as an effective noninvasive treatment for aspiration of plastic beads.